A computer analysis of X-ray fluorescence spectra

Espen, P. Van; Nullens, H.; Adams, Fred C.

doi:10.1016/0029-554x(77)90834-5

Cited by 258 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The X-ray spectra were collected on a Canberra Series 35 multi-channel analyzer (model 3210). The data processing and evaluation of X-ray spectra were carried out using a software programme called Analysis of X-ray Spectra by Iterative Least Square Fitting or AXIL 5 .…”

Section: Methods Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact Of Heavy Metals On Water And Soil Environment Of A Paint Industry

Jolly

Hossain

Sattar

et al. 2013

J. Bangla. Chem. Soc.

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Section: Methods Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact Of Heavy Metals On Water And Soil Environment Of A Paint Industry

Jolly

Hossain

Sattar

et al. 2013

J. Bangla. Chem. Soc.

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“…In the ED-2000, excitation X-rays are produced by a Coolidge tube (I max =1 mA, V max = 50 kV) with an Ag anode; the primary X-ray spectrum can be controlled by inserting filters (made of Al, Cu and Ag) between the anode and the sample. Two measuring conditions were fixed to optimize the sensitivity for groups of elements: runs with HV= 15 kV, I =100 μA, no primary filter and a livetime of 1000 s, yielded the concentration of "low Z" elements (from Na to P) while the "medium-high Z" elements (from S to Pb) were measured setting HV = 30 kV, I =500 μA, thin Ag primary filter and a livetime of 3000 s. X-ray spectra were fitted for 26 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, Mo, Ba, Pb) using the AXIL software package (Van Espen et al, 1977). The elemental thickness [μg cm…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of particulate matter sources in an urban environment

Mazzei

D’Alessandro²,

Lucarelli³

et al. 2008

Science of The Total Environment

244

100

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Daily time series measurements of elements or compounds are widely used to apportion the contribution of specific sources of particulate matter concentration in the atmosphere. We present results obtained for the urban area of Genoa (Italy) based on several hundred of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 daily samples collected in sites with different geo-morphological and urbanization characteristics. Elemental concentrations of Na to Pb were obtained through Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF), and the contributions of specific sources of particulate matter (PM) concentration were apportioned through Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF). By sampling at different sites we were able to obtain, in each PM fraction, the average and stable values for the tracers of specific sources, in particular traffic (Cu, Zn, Pb) and heavy oil combustion (V, Ni). We could also identify and quote the contamination of anthropogenic PM in "natural" sources (sea, soil dust). Sampling at several sites in the same urban area allowed us to resolve local characteristics as well as to quote average values. IntroductionIn recent years, atmospheric aerosols have been studied extensively (Charlson et al., 1992;Harrison et al., 2001;Satheesh and Moorthy, 2005 , 2002a,b;Stieb et al., 2002;Fernandez et al., 2003).Up to now, PM concentrations have been routinely monitored. However, this level of monitoring is insufficient and a measurement of the elemental and chemical composition of PM is recommended in order to achieve a more complete picture. Indeed concentration limits have been set in Europe for some toxic elements (Pb, Ni, Cd, Hg; see the recent European Directive 2004/107/CE). Element and/or compound measurements can also help to trace specific emission patterns. Thus, the knowledge of the chemical composition of particulate matter can be used to evaluate the impacts of the various pollution sources on air quality. Several "source apportionment" strategies have been developed; receptor models (Gordon, 1988) are presently considered the most effective approach. These models usually provide three pieces of information: the number of (major) sources of particulate matter, the source profiles and the mass contribution of each source to total PM. These models single out groups of elements with correlated concentration trends, which

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“…X-ray spectra were fitted for 25 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Sr, Zr, Mo, Ba, and Pb) using the AXIL software package. 10 The elemental thickness (g⅐cm Ϫ2 ) was obtained by comparing the filter yields with a sensitivity curve measured in the same geometry on a set of thin standards certified within 5% (Micromatter Inc.). Taking into account the X-rays' self absorption inside of the PM 10 sample, we corrected the Na, Mg, Al, and Si concentrations using multiplicative factors equal to 1.5, 1.4, 1.3, and 1.2, respectively, as estimated in previous works.…”

Section: Laboratory Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 Effects on the health of humans are also well established and, for instance, in accordance with the European Directive 1999/30/EC in 2005, the concentration of PM 10 (particulate matter [PM] Ͻ10 m in aerodynamic diameter) in Europe should not exceed an annual average of 40 g ⅐ m Ϫ3 and should not exceed more than the daily limit of 50 g ⅐ m Ϫ3 for more than 35 days in a year. Large datasets of PM 10 concentration are collected for regulatory purposes in several countries. 3,4 However, this level of monitoring is insufficient and a measurement of the elemental and chemical composition of PM is recommended to achieve a more complete picture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Coarse Particulate Matter Apportionment around a Steel Smelter Plant

Mazzei

Prati

2009

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The results from a study carried out in the urban area of Genoa, Italy, where a large steel smelter recently shut down are presented. We had the opportunity to sample particulate matter (PM) before and after plant closure and, therefore, to measure the changes in concentration and composition of PM 10 (atmospheric PM with aerodynamic diameter Ͻ10 m). Elemental concentrations of Na to Pb were obtained through energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF), and the contributions of specific sources of PM 10 were calculated by positive matrix factorization (PMF). The PM 10 average concentration turned out to be surprisingly similar before and after closing of the smelter. Nevertheless, the comparison among data collected in the two periods (plant operating and closed), even with the limited information provided by ED-XRF, allowed us to single out two sources of PM related to the smelter activities, to extract their emission profile, and to quantify the impact of the plant on PM 10 levels. INTRODUCTIONIn recent years, atmospheric aerosols have been studied extensively, and strong relationships among heterogeneous chemistry, cloud formation, and climate forcing have been observed. 1,2 Effects on the health of humans are also well established and, for instance, in accordance with the European Directive 1999/30/EC in 2005, the concentration of PM 10 (particulate matter [PM] Ͻ10 m in aerodynamic diameter) in Europe should not exceed an annual average of 40 g ⅐ m Ϫ3 and should not exceed more than the daily limit of 50 g ⅐ m Ϫ3 for more than 35 days in a year. Large datasets of PM 10 concentration are collected for regulatory purposes in several countries. 3,4 However, this level of monitoring is insufficient and a measurement of the elemental and chemical composition of PM is recommended to achieve a more complete picture. The measurement of elements and/or compound concentrations can also help to trace specific emission

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A computer analysis of X-ray fluorescence spectra

Cited by 258 publications

References 12 publications

Impact Of Heavy Metals On Water And Soil Environment Of A Paint Industry

Impact Of Heavy Metals On Water And Soil Environment Of A Paint Industry

Characterization of particulate matter sources in an urban environment

Coarse Particulate Matter Apportionment around a Steel Smelter Plant

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