A Concepção de Estado e a Administração Pública no Brasil no Âmbito do Plano Diretor de Reforma do Estado

Abstract

O presente ensaio teórico objetivou formular as bases para uma análise da chamada Reforma do Estado, incorporando também o estudo das transformações ocorridas no aparelho de Estado. Procurou-se evitar as opções tradicionalmente observadas na literatura administrativa que percebem as mudanças nas formas de administração pública como incorporações de técnicas das empresas privadas ou mesmo inovações surgidas da necessidade de resolver problemas de operação. Esta revisão pode tornar possível o questionamento dos objetivos anunciados pela Reforma do Estado no Brasil e a elucidação de outros não anunciados. O sentido das transformações pelas quais passa o Estado brasileiro passa pela análise das forças políticas (e suas alianças), seus projetos e ações. Observa-se que os períodos denominados de “modernização gerencial”, segundo o discurso oficial do Plano Diretor de Reforma do Estado, estão associados à abertura de novos campos e à flexibilização e melhoria das condições para aportes de capitais tanto nacionais quanto internacionais.

Os limites do financiamento de bolsistas da Fundação Rockefeller: Maria Palmira Macedo Tito de Morais e a enfermagem internacional, 1936-1966

“…The international meetings on the role of the Schools of Hygiene in Europe demonstrate the importance they had for the professional education in health. The League of Nations met with directors of the schools of hygiene in May and July 1930, in Paris, France, and in Dresden, Germany, and concluded that this educational type was the best for the training of sanitary technicians, which should occur with the support of public and/or private institutions, according to local conditions ( Faria, 1934 , p.293-294). In the report prepared by Professor Prausnitz and approved at the Conference of Dresden, there was the discussion about the need of different categories to obtain training with deeper technical knowledge on hygiene, e.g., sanitary inspectors, “female nurses” and midwives ( Faria, 1934 , p.294).…”

“…Aware of this picture and after the proposal presented by José Alberto de Faria to Salazar, who was still the minister of Finances in 1929, the Rockefeller Foundation decided to extend its support to Portugal. The institution had already financed the creation of schools of hygiene such as the Johns Hopkins, in Baltimore; the Harvard University, in Boston; besides institutions in Toronto, London, Prague, Warsaw, Budapest, Belgrade, Zagreb, São Paulo, Angora, Calcutta, as well as medicine education in Canada, United States, London, Brussels, Lyon, Hong-Kong and Singapore ( Faria, 1934 , p.298-299).…”

“…The physician Daniel O’Brien, member of the section of medical sciences at the Rockefeller Foundation, went by Portugal and organized a meeting between Faria and George Strode. Soon after, the Portuguese received a correspondence with the following determinations: (a) it was necessary to have an authorization from the Rockefeller Administrative Council to sign the cooperation with the Portuguese; (b) an investigation would be conducted in loco to decide how the agency would intervene in Portugal without violating the limits of its current program; (c) in the case of cooperation, the support would be initially modest, providing fellowships for a group of young people to improve their knowledge in hygiene; (d) the work would be developed by a specialized technical group, the staff should be full-time dedicated to the service, and the wages would be sufficiently high as to attract “best class” physicians and nurses, with no need to take other jobs ( Faria, 1934 , p.302).…”

“…When returning to the United States, on November 9, 1931, Strode communicated informally the approval of the cooperation and, on April 25, 1932, he visited Portugal to study the conditions of the support that could be provided. He arrived accompanied by the physician Rolla Hill, who would become the Foundation’s representative in Portugal and, in January 1933, he shared the following message: “The members of the International Health Division of the Rockefeller Foundation are authorized to officially inform the Government of Portugal that the Foundation accepts its invitation to collaborate within the limits that the scientific directors can, from time to time, approve” ( Faria, 1934 , p.307).…”