A controlled trial investigating the effect of music therapy during an acute psychotic episode

Abstract

Most of the variables tested in our study but one did not point at any advances of adding music therapy to pharmacological treatment. The finding of improvement in Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale could be an indicator of music therapy as a useful adjunct to pharmacotherapy during an in-patient hospital stay for the few patients amongst those suffering acute psychosis that accept to participate in music therapy.

Influence of Dosage and Type of Music Therapy in Symptom Management and Rehabilitation for Individuals with Schizophrenia

“…Among various instruments used to measure symptoms of schizophrenia, we indicated if the studies had reported the total score of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) (Bloch et al, 2010;Lu et al, 2013;Talwar et al, 2006) or Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) (Bloch et al, 2010;Morgan et al, 2011;Pavlicevic et al, 1994;Peng et al, 2010;Yang et al, 1998). The results are presented in the "T" (Total) column of Table 2.…”

“…In order to report the positive and negative symptoms, the researchers used not only Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) (Mohammadi et al, 2012) and Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) (Mohammadi et al, 2012;Pavlicevic et al, 1994;Tang, Yao, & Zheng, 1994;Ulrich, Houtmans, & Gold, 2007;Yang et al, 1998), but also the subscales of PANSS (Bloch et al, 2010;De Sousa & De Sousa, 2010;Hayashi et al, 2002;Lu et al, 2013;Talwar et al, 2006) or BPRS (Bloch et al, 2010;Morgan et al, 2011;Peng et al, 2010;Yang et al, 1998); thus, we marked the results for all the reports with these instruments. The results are presented in "G" (General), "P" (Positive), or "N" (Negative) column of Table 2.…”

“…Depression was assessed in four studies with various instruments: Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS; Lu et al, 2013), Calgary Interview Guide for Depression (Morgan et al, 2011), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS; Morgan et al, 2011), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Bloch et al, 2010), and Affective scales (Glicksohn & Cohen, 2000). Statistically significant improvements in depression were reported by two studies: Lu et al (2013) and Bloch et al. Anxiety was assessed in three studies with the instruments; State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (Bloch et al, 2010), Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS) (Leung et al, 1994), Audience Anxiousness Scale (AAS; Leung et al, 1994), and DASS (Morgan et al, 2011), and all reported nonsignificant results.…”

“…All studies reported the pre-test and post-test data, and furthermore, Lu et al (2013), Morgan, Bartrop, Telfer, andTennant (2011), andHayashi et al (2002) one to four months of the intervention. Blindness of the experiment and control to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies were also considered.…”

“…While nine studies had 10 to 19 sessions of the intervention, five studies had less than 10 sessions. In most Downloaded by [University of Florida] at 00:06 19 May 2016 studies, the length of each session was about 40-60 minutes, with the exception of Morgan et al (2011), which included 20-minute sessions. Dosage could not be considered in two studies, Shih, Chen, Chiang, and Liu (2014) and Glickson and Cohen (2000), because each participant in this study received an individualized dosage and type of intervention.…”