A Defined-Multispecies Microbial Model for Studying Enamel Caries Development

Arthur, Rodrigo Alex; Waeiss, Robert A.; Hara, Anderson T.; Lippert, Frank; Eckert, George J.; Zero, Domenick T.

doi:10.1159/000347050

Cited by 45 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Carbohydrates present in the STGM might not be high enough to result in significant levels of acid production to enable the selection of acidogenic species and ultimately create a cariogenic state. However, based on the assertion that adjunct sucrose is sufficient for this process [Pratten et al, 2000;Aires et al, 2006;Arthur et al, 2013], the reduction in sucrose concentration which occurs with the effect of mixing STGM and sucrose solution in the CF condition may have some influence on the lesions that are created. In effect, a 50-m M sucrose challenge in the FF condition would equate to approximately a 25-m M challenge in the CF condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of an in vitro Coupled Diffusion Mechanism of Lesion Formation within Microcosm Dental Plaque

Owens

Lynch²,

Hope³

et al. 2017

Caries Res

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not the dual constant-depth film fermenter (dCDFF) is able to produce caries-like enamel lesions and to ascertain further information regarding the performance of this fully functional biological caries model. Conditions were defined by the continuation (CF) or cessation (FF) of a saliva-type growth medium supply during 50-mM sucrose exposures (8 times daily). Hydroxyapatite (n = 3) and bovine enamel (n = 3) substrata were included within each condition and samples extracted after 2, 4, 8, and 16 days. Community profiles were generated for fastidious anaerobes, Lactobacillus spp., Streptococcus spp., mutans streptococci (MS), and Veillonella spp. using selective culture techniques and enamel demineralisation assessed by transverse microradiography. Results demonstrated that the dCDFF model is able to produce caries-like enamel lesions with a high degree of sensitivity where reduced ionic strength within the FF condition increased surface layer mineral deposition. Between conditions, biofilm communities did not differ significantly, although MS in the biofilms extracted from the FF condition rose to a higher proportion (by 1.5 log₁₀ units), and Veillonella spp. were initially greater within the CF condition (by 2.5 log₁₀ units), indicating an enhanced ability for the clearance of low-pK_a acids following exposures to sucrose. However, both conditions retained the ability for caries-like lesion formation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of an in vitro Coupled Diffusion Mechanism of Lesion Formation within Microcosm Dental Plaque

Owens

Lynch²,

Hope³

et al. 2017

Caries Res

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“…Laboratory biofilm models have been shown to mimic the oral environment and reproduce dental biofilm mediated events in vitro (Sissons 1997;Tang et al 2003;McBain 2009) and have been used for studies related to the aetiology and treatment of dental caries van de Sande et al 2011;Arthur et al 2013). When complex microbial communities originating from the natural ecosystem (microcosm) (Wimpenny 1997) are used in these models, the microbial complexity and heterogeneity of the initial inoculum are maintained at some level, allowing the study of variables related to dental caries in a controlled environment (Filoche et al 2008;McBain 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between the cariogenic response in biofilms generated from saliva of mother/child pairs

et al. 2014

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This study aimed to correlate the cariogenic responsiveness of biofilms generated from the saliva of mothers and children. The mother-child pairs were classified according to the children's caries levels: caries-free, early childhood caries (ECC) or severe ECC. Microcosm biofilms were grown on enamel discs for 10 days. Factors under evaluation were caries experience levels, inoculum source (mothers and children) and growth conditions including cariogenic challenge (growth medium provided with and without sucrose) and no cariogenic challenge (growth medium sucrose-free). Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA and Tukey's test, and the Spearman correlation test. Regular sucrose exposure resulted in a higher surface hardness change (%SHC). The correlation between biofilms formed from saliva of mother-child pairs was significant regarding pH, total aciduric microorganisms and lactobacilli counts under cariogenic challenge. Biofilm growth originating from mother-child pairs under regular sucrose exposure promoted the same cariogenic response independently of caries experience and the microbiological profile of the donors.

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“…Although the fluoride concentration used by these cited studies was higher than what was used in the present study, the previous data might contribute to understanding the predominance of lactobacilli in the biofilm. On the other hand, it has been shown that an increased concentration of fluoride from 0.2 to 1.0 ppm during biofilm growth was able to decrease the viability of L. casei in a multispecies biofilm model [44]. Within this same range of fluoride concentration, the lowest counts of S. mutans were found only in the presence of 0.2 ppmF and no statistical difference was found for those counts under fluoride concentrations up to 1.0 ppmF [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, it has been shown that an increased concentration of fluoride from 0.2 to 1.0 ppm during biofilm growth was able to decrease the viability of L. casei in a multispecies biofilm model [44]. Within this same range of fluoride concentration, the lowest counts of S. mutans were found only in the presence of 0.2 ppmF and no statistical difference was found for those counts under fluoride concentrations up to 1.0 ppmF [44]. Using the same microbial composition used in this present study, Fontana et al [20] were able to find expressive counts of S. mutans on biofilms even after 8 d of biofilm growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enamel Carious Lesion Development in Response to Sucrose and Fluoride Concentrations and to Time of Biofilm Formation: An Artificial-Mouth Study

Arthur

Kohara

Waeiss

et al. 2014

Journal of Oral Diseases

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The aim of this study was to evaluate both sucrose and fluoride concentrations and time of biofilm formation on enamel carious lesions induced by an in vitro artificial-mouth caries model. For Study 1, biofilms formed by streptococci and lactobacilli were grown on the surface of human enamel slabs and exposed to artificial saliva containing 0.50 or 0.75 ppmF (22.5 h/d) and broth containing 3 or 5% sucrose (30 min; 3x/d) over 5 d. In Study 2, biofilms were grown in the presence of 0.75 ppmF and 3% sucrose over 3 and 9 days. Counts of viable cells on biofilms, lesion depth (LD), and the integrated mineral loss (IML) on enamel specimens were assessed at the end of the tested conditions. Counts of total viable cells and L. casei were affected by sucrose and fluoride concentrations as well as by time of biofilm formation. Enamel carious lesions were shallower and IML was lower in the presence of 0.75 ppmF than in the presence of 0.50 ppmF (P < 0.005). No significant effect of sucrose concentrations was found with respect to LD and IML (P > 0.25). Additionally, deeper lesions and higher IML were found after 9 d of biofilm formation (P < 0.005). Distinct sucrose concentrations did not affect enamel carious lesion development. The severity of enamel demineralization was reduced by the presence of the higher fluoride concentration. Additionally, an increase in the time of biofilm formation produced greater demineralization. Our results also suggest that the present model is suitable for studying aspects related to caries lesion development.

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A Defined-Multispecies Microbial Model for Studying Enamel Caries Development

Cited by 45 publications

References 79 publications

Evidence of an in vitro Coupled Diffusion Mechanism of Lesion Formation within Microcosm Dental Plaque

Evidence of an in vitro Coupled Diffusion Mechanism of Lesion Formation within Microcosm Dental Plaque

Correlation between the cariogenic response in biofilms generated from saliva of mother/child pairs

Enamel Carious Lesion Development in Response to Sucrose and Fluoride Concentrations and to Time of Biofilm Formation: An Artificial-Mouth Study

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