A defining moment in our history: Examining disease models of gender identity

James, Andrea

doi:10.1016/s1550-8579(06)80121-x

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The GID diagnosis, which first appeared in DSM (Revision III) in 1980, has been energetically criticized, with many calls being made either for reform of diagnostic guidelines, or removal of the psychiatric diagnosis altogether-in regard to GID in childhood and adolescence, GID in adulthood, or both (see for example, Bartlett, Vasey, & Bukowski, 2000;Chen-Hayes, 2001;Hale, 2007;Hill, Rozanski, Garfagnini, & Willoughby, 2005;Isay, 1997;James, 2004;Langer & Martin, 2004;Lev, 2005;Minter, 1999;Newman, 2002;O'Keefe, 2004;Richardson, 1996Richardson, , 1999Vasey & Bartlett, 2007;Vitale, 2005;Wilson, Griffen, & Wren, 2002;Winter, 2007;Winters, 2005;Wyndzen, 2004). Some criticisms focus on technical aspects of the diagnostic process; for example concerns about diagnostic criteria used, and about the sources of information upon which clinicians rely when making a diagnosis.…”

Section: International Journal Of Sexual Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transpeople, Transprejudice and Pathologization: A Seven-Country Factor Analytic Study

Winter

Chalungsooth

Teh

et al. 2009

International Journal of Sexual Health

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Eight hundred and forty one undergraduate students in seven countries (China, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines, United Kingdom and United States) completed a questionnaire examining perceptions of transwomen (on a transacceptance-transprejudice continuum). The aim was to identify factors underlying transacceptance-transprejudice, and relationships among them. Five factors were identified (MENTAL-ILLNESS, DENIAL-WOMEN, SOCIAL-REJECTION, PEER-REJECTION, SEXUAL-DEVIANCE). MENTAL-ILLNESS (the belief that transwomen were mentally Mark King and others for data entry; to Pattaranit "Bhom" Imampai for questionnaire translation into Thai; and to the Clinic of Dr. Suporn Watanyusakul, and Dr. Fiona Kim for support in conducting field research in Thailand. 96 Sam Winter et al. 97ill) was the most powerful underlying factor, linked to other aspects of transprejudice. We discuss implications for the debate on depathologization of gender variance, and for transprejudice worldwide.

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Section: International Journal Of Sexual Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transpeople, Transprejudice and Pathologization: A Seven-Country Factor Analytic Study

Winter

Chalungsooth

Teh

et al. 2009

International Journal of Sexual Health

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“…They include (a) religious beliefs (for example, Christian and Islamic texts proscribing cross-dressing); (b) perspectives in orthodox psychiatry which declare many transpeople to be mentally disordered (critiqued by e.g. James 2004;Winter 2007b); (c) commonly held notions that gender is subsidiary to biological sex, and that many transpeople are therefore deceivers and pretenders (critiqued by Bettcher 2007); and (d) psychological perspectives which suggest that gender identity variance is an expression of sexuality [a view recently popularised by Bailey (2003) in regard to transwomen, to the consternation of much of the transcommunity]. As noted by writers such as Moran and Sharpe (2004), attitudes of this sort often arise out of ignorance of what gender variance is and who transpeople are.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring Hong Kong Undergraduate Students’ Attitudes Towards Transpeople

2008

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Hill and Willoughby's (Sex Roles, 53:531-544, 2005) Genderism and Transphobia Scale (GTS), originally developed in Canada, was examined with a Hong Kong sample. Undergraduate students, 82 female and 121 male (total n = 203), completed a Chinese version of the instrument. Overall scores and factor structure of the Hong Kong sample were compared with Hill and Willoughby's Canadian data. Gender differences in transphobia were investigated, both in terms of the participants' gender as well as the gender of the gender variant persons to whom GTS items referred. Transphobia was higher in Hong Kong than in Canada. The factor structure for Hong Kong differed from Canada. Five factors were identified (with a gender effect on Factors II and V). They were: I, Anti Sissy Prejudice; II, Anti Trans Violence; III, Trans Unnaturalness; IV, Trans Immorality; and V, Background Genderism. Hong Kong men were more transphobic than women. Gender variance in men was viewed less favourably than in women.

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“…Even in the developed West SOC provisions have a history of being ignored (e.g., Petersen & Dickey, 1995). Transpeople increasingly see themselves as representing diversity rather than disorder (James, 2004). They seem increasingly critical of the "management of gender identity disorders" they feel they get through SOC-6 (Meyer et al, 2001, §1 ¶1).…”

Section: Implications For Soc-7mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural Considerations for the World Professional Association for Transgender Health'sStandards of Care: The Asian Perspective

Winter

2009

International Journal of Transgenderism

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This article begins by portraying the nature of the Asian transgender experience, paying particular attention to transprejudice as a health issue, and the possible role of pathologization of gender variance in prompting and supporting transprejudice. It then outlines the range of transgender health care provision available in Asia. The article ends with seven recommendations for the seventh revision to the World Professional Association for Transgender Health's (WPATH) Standards of Care (SOC-7). The first four touch on comparatively broad issues that set the scene for the provision and usage of transgender health care services. I argue that SOC-7 should (a) recognize transprejudice as a health problem, (b) depathologize gender identity variance (GIV), (c) change the language used to describe transpeople, and (d) incorporate more realistic figures for GIV prevalence. The next two recommendations focus on matters of clinical management, addressing the need for WPATH (through SOC-7) to better meet the needs of young GIV people worldwide who are in transition by (a) promoting health care service involvement in developing family and community support for young transpeople and providing basic health care information in various languages for all involved and (b) recognizing the need for more flexibility in terms of real-life experience (RLE) and age requirements during transgender health care. The final recommendation focuses on the need for WPATH to consult widely within the international trans-community when drawing up SOC-7.

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A defining moment in our history: Examining disease models of gender identity

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Transpeople, Transprejudice and Pathologization: A Seven-Country Factor Analytic Study

Transpeople, Transprejudice and Pathologization: A Seven-Country Factor Analytic Study

Measuring Hong Kong Undergraduate Students’ Attitudes Towards Transpeople

Cultural Considerations for the World Professional Association for Transgender Health'sStandards of Care: The Asian Perspective

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