Eight hundred and forty one undergraduate students in seven countries (China, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines, United Kingdom and United States) completed a questionnaire examining perceptions of transwomen (on a transacceptance-transprejudice continuum). The aim was to identify factors underlying transacceptance-transprejudice, and relationships among them. Five factors were identified (MENTAL-ILLNESS, DENIAL-WOMEN, SOCIAL-REJECTION, PEER-REJECTION, SEXUAL-DEVIANCE). MENTAL-ILLNESS (the belief that transwomen were mentally Mark King and others for data entry; to Pattaranit "Bhom" Imampai for questionnaire translation into Thai; and to the Clinic of Dr. Suporn Watanyusakul, and Dr. Fiona Kim for support in conducting field research in Thailand. 96 Sam Winter et al. 97ill) was the most powerful underlying factor, linked to other aspects of transprejudice. We discuss implications for the debate on depathologization of gender variance, and for transprejudice worldwide.
This research, commissioned by the Malaysian AIDS Council in 2007, is qualitative and descriptive in nature. In depth face-to-face interviews were carried out with 15 mak nyah respondents from five major towns. The interviews were guided by an interview schedule that had seven main topics: brief background; hormone-taking behaviour; safe sex; health care; substance abuse; harassment from authorities; and HIV prevention. The HIV problem among the mak nyah, mak nyah sex workers and their clients is critical. Many do not have in-depth HIV/AIDS knowledge and do not practise safe sex. The problem gets worse when most mak nyah do not consider HIV/AIDS as a primary concern because of other pressing problems like employment and discrimination. There are also no HIV prevention activities in many parts of Malaysia. Mak nyah also face constant harassment from enforcement authorities for prostitution. This hampers HIV prevention work.Keywords: Transsexuals, transgender, sex workers, HIV prevention.
RésuméCette étude, commandée par le Conseil du SIDA de Malaisie en 2007, est par nature qualitative et descriptive. Des entretiens approfondis en tête à tête ont été organisés avec 15 personnes mak nyah interrogées de cinq grandes villes. Les entretiens étaient guidés par un programme d' entretien qui présentait sept thèmes principaux: contexte rapide; comportement vis-à-vis de la prise d'hormones; rapports sexuels protégés; soins médicaux; abus de substances; harcèlement des autorités; et prévention du VIH. Le problème du VIH parmi les mak nyah, les travailleurs du sexe mak nyah, et leurs clients est critique. Nombre d' entre eux n' ont pas de connaissances approfondies sur le VIH/SIDA et ne pratiquent pas de rapports sexuels protégés. Le problème s'aggrave lorsque la majorité des mak nyah ne juge pas que le VIH/SIDA constitue une préoccupation première du fait d'autres problèmes pressants tels que l' emploi et la discrimination. Il n' existe pas non plus d'activités de prévention du VIH dans de nombreuses régions de Malaisie.Les mak nyah sont confrontés à des harcèlements constants de la part des autorités chargées du respect de la loi pour cause de prostitution. Cela gêne le travail de prévention du VIH.
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