A depression rating scale for schizophrenics

Addington, Donald; Addington, Jean; Schissel, Bernard

doi:10.1016/0920-9964(90)90005-r

Cited by 1,141 publications

(677 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…This first report in an Irish first episode population and one of a handful of first episode studies internationally, indicates a rate of depression of about 10% which is lower than that reported by the group who developed the scale, albeit similar to their rate reported in a group with established schizophrenia. 4 As depression, schizophrenia and alcohol misuse are all associated with increased risk of suicide the confluence of such risk factors in the one individual may merit specific interventions. 8 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At presentation, depressive symptoms were assessed with the CDSS, which is a nine-item observer rating scale, originally formulated by factor analysis from the Present State Examination and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. 4 Each item on the scale has a possible score of 0-3 (absent, mild, moderate, severe), giving a possible range of 0-27.…”

Section: Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 The scale was developed in three stages and was found to have construct validity, good inter-rater reliability and divergent validity from negative symptoms or side-effects of medication such as akathisia, hypokinesia and sedation. [4][5][6][7][8] It has been translated into many other languages including Danish, Greek and French. [9][10][11] However, despite the scale of the problem there are no published estimates of the prevalence of depression among people in Ireland with first episode schizophrenia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and clinical correlates of depression in the acute phase of first episode schizophrenia

Roche¹,

Clarke

Browne³

et al. 2010

Ir. j. psychol. Med.

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Background: Reported rates of depression in schizophrenia vary considerably.Objective: To measure the prevalence of depression in a first episode sample of people with schizophrenia.Methods: All referrals with a first episode of schizophrenia diagnosed using SCID interviews were assessed pre-discharge and again six months later. We used the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) to assess the severity of symptoms.Results: Pre-discharge, 10.4% of the sample met CDSS criteria for depression. According to the PANSS depression (PANSS -D) subscale, 3% of patients were depressed, with a mean score of 7.48 (SD = 2.97). Only 3% of patients pre-discharge were found to be depressed on both the CDSS and the PANSS-D. Six months later 6.5% were depressed according to the CDSS. However none reached depression criteria according to the PANSS-D. The CDSS correlated with PANSS-D both pre-discharge and at follow-up. Feelings of depression and self-deprecation were the most common symptoms at baseline and follow-up. The CDSS was unrelated to negative symptoms at both stages. A lifetime history of alcohol abuse increased the risk for depression.Conclusion: Rates of depression in this sample were low. The CDSS appears to discriminate between depression and negative symptoms. Like the general population, alcohol misuse is a risk factor for depression in first episode schizophrenia.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and clinical correlates of depression in the acute phase of first episode schizophrenia

Roche¹,

Clarke

Browne³

et al. 2010

Ir. j. psychol. Med.

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“…Severity of depressive symptoms was assessed with the Calgary Depression Rating Scale (CDRS; Addington et al, 1990). Assessment of cognitive functioning was focused on executive functioning composite score (Delis et al, 2001;Fucetola et al, 2000;Wobrock et al, 2008).…”

Section: Current Psychopathology and Cognitive Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leukocyte telomere length: Effects of schizophrenia, age, and gender

Wolkowitz

Jeste

Martin

et al. 2017

Journal of Psychiatric Research

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a b s t r a c tBackground: Schizophrenia is linked with early medical comorbidity and mortality. These observations indicate possible "accelerated biological aging" in schizophrenia, although prior findings are mixed, and few such studies have examined the role of gender. One putative marker of biological aging is leukocyte telomere length (LTL), which typically shortens with age. Methods: We assessed LTL in phenotypically well characterized 134 individuals with schizophrenia (60 women and 74 men) and 123 healthy comparison subjects (HCs) (66 women and 57 men), aged 26 to 65 years. Results: Overall, LTL was inversely associated with age (t(249) ¼ -6.2, p < 0.001), and a gender effect on the rate of LTL decrease with age was found (t(249) ¼ 2.20, p ¼ 0.029), with men declining more rapidly than women. No significant overall effect of diagnosis on the rate of decline was detected. However, at the average sample age (48 years), there was a significant gender effect in both schizophrenia and HC groups (t(249) ¼ 2.48, p ¼ 0.014), with women having longer LTL than men, and a significant gender X diagnosis effect (t(249) ¼ 2.43, p ¼ 0.016) -at the average sample age, women with schizophrenia had shorter LTL than HC women. Discussion: Gender, not the diagnosis of schizophrenia, was the major factor involved with LTL shortening across the age range studied. We discuss the constraints of a cross-sectional design and other methodological issues, and indicate future directions. Understanding the impact of schizophrenia on biological aging will require separate evaluations in men and women.Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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“…For the psychopathological characterization of the patient sample the following instruments were used: Brief Negative Symptom Scale (BNSS; Kirkpatrick et al, 2011), PANSS, Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP; Schaub & Juckel, 2011), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS; Addington, Addington, & Schissel, 1990), and the informant version of the Apathy Evaluation Scale, which was completed by a member of the nursing team (AES; Marin, Biedrzycki, & Firinciogullari, 1991). The BNSS was translated to German by the senior author.…”

Section: Clinical Rating Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apathy in schizophrenia as a deficit in the generation of options for action.

Hartmann¹,

Kluge²,

Kalis³

et al. 2015

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Negative symptoms are a core feature of schizophrenia and have been grouped into 2 factors: a motivational factor, which we refer to as apathy, and a diminished expression factor. Recent studies have shown that apathy is closely linked to functional outcome. However, knowledge about its mechanisms and its relation to decision-making is limited. In the current study, we examined whether apathy in schizophrenia is associated with predecisional deficits, that is, deficits in the generation of options for action. We applied verbal protocol analysis to investigate the quantity of options generated in ill-structured real world scenarios in 30 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 21 healthy control participants. Patients generated significantly fewer options than control participants and clinical apathy ratings correlated negatively with the quantity of generated options. We show that the association between measures of psychopathology and option generation is most pronounced in regard to apathy symptoms and that it is only partially mediated by deficits in verbal fluency. This study provides empirical support for dysfunctional option generation as a possible mechanism for apathy in schizophrenia. Our data emphasize the potential importance of predecisional stages in the development and persistence of apathy symptoms in neuropsychiatric disorders and might also inform the development of novel treatment options in the realm of cognitive remediation. a motivational factor, which we refer to as apathy, and a diminished expression factor. Recent studies have shown that apathy is closely linked to functional outcome. However, knowledge about its mechanisms and its relation to decision-making is limited. In the current study, we examined whether apathy in schizophrenia is associated with predecisional deficits, that is, deficits in the generation of options for action. We applied verbal protocol analysis to investigate the quantity of options generated in ill-structured real world scenarios in 30 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 21 healthy control participants. Patients generated significantly fewer options than control participants and clinical apathy ratings correlated negatively with the quantity of generated options. We show that the association between measures of psychopathology and option generation is most pronounced in regard to apathy symptoms and that it is only partially mediated by deficits in verbal fluency. This study provides empirical support for dysfunctional option generation as a possible mechanism for apathy in schizophrenia. Our data emphasize the potential importance of predecisional stages in the development and persistence of apathy symptoms in neuropsychiatric disorders and might also inform the development of novel treatment options in the realm of cognitive remediation.

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A depression rating scale for schizophrenics

Cited by 1,141 publications

References 22 publications

Prevalence and clinical correlates of depression in the acute phase of first episode schizophrenia

Prevalence and clinical correlates of depression in the acute phase of first episode schizophrenia

Leukocyte telomere length: Effects of schizophrenia, age, and gender

Apathy in schizophrenia as a deficit in the generation of options for action.

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