A detailed study of the microwave pyrolysis of the Moroccan (Youssoufia) rock phosphate

Microwave Heating Applied to Pyrolysis

“…There are also studies that have evaluated the change in electric and dielectric properties of some Australian coals during the process of pyrolysis (Zubkova & Prezhdo, 2006). Microwave irradiation has also been applied by El harfi et al (2000) and Bilali et al (2005) in the pyrolysis of oil shales and rock phosphate, respectively. The former found that the oils produced by microwave heating are more maltenic, less polar and contains less sulphur and nitrogen than those obtained by CP and the latter found to contain more paraffinic compounds.…”

Microwave pyrolysis of rice straw: Products, mechanism, and kinetics

“…Therefore, it is widely used in many applications such as sample pretreatment (Roig, 1995), synthesis (de Andresa et al, 1999), digestion (Bettinelli et al, 2000), extraction (Perez Cid et al, 2001), and sludge stabilization (Chen et al, 2005;Hsieh et al, 2007). The technology of pyrolysis induced by microwave heating has been researched to treat various feedstocks such as oil shale (El harfi et al, 2000), oil-palm stone (Guo and Lua, 2000), paper (Miura et al, 2001), plastic waste (Ludlow-Palafox and Chase, 2001), sewage sludge (Menendez et al, 2002), rock phosphate (Bilali et al, 2005), scrap tire (Appleton et al, 2005), coffee hulls (Menendez et al, 2007), wood (Chen et al, 2008), rice straw (Huang et al, 2008), corn stalk bale (Zhao et al, 2010), oil palm biomass (Salema and Ani, 2011), and microalgae (Hu et al, 2012). These researches have shown that, by using the microwave pyrolysis, biomass feedstocks can be converted into various products such as bio-oil, bio-char, fuel gas, and hydrogen.…”

A Review on Waste to Energy Processes Using Microwave Pyrolysis

“…Microwave pyrolysis is a relatively new process and was initially developed by Tech-En Ltd. in Hainault, UK [28,29]; this thermal treatment in a microwave-heated bed of particulate-carbon has been shown to be an effective method of recovering and recycling chemicals present in troublesome wastes such as plastic waste, sewage sludge, and coffee hulls [7,12,30,31]. In this process, waste material is mixed with a highly microwave-absorbent material such as particulate-carbon, which absorbs microwave energy to generate sufficient thermal energy to achieve the temperatures required for extensive pyrolysis to occur.…”