“A distinguished and noble character”: the Nobel Prize nominations for Hugo W. Knipping

Drobietz, Marie; Moll, F.; Hansson, Nils

doi:10.1007/s12181-019-00371-2

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This article does not focus on the laureates, but on the “unsung heroes,” that is, candidates who were nominated more than once for the award, but never received it. Such an alternative approach has proven fruitful in studies about Nobel Prize nominations of physicians in different fields, for example, in surgery [6], cardiology [7], pharmacology [8], and psychiatry [9] to investigate mechanisms of reputation and credit in medicine. The article aims at pinpointing nominated neurologists for the Nobel Prize during the first half of the 20th century from (in alphabetical order) France, Germany, Italy, Russia, and the UK – 5 of the leading European countries in this respect during the time period [10-16].…”

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confidence: 99%

Babinski, Bektherev, Cerletti, Head, and Hitzig: European Neurologists Nominated for the Nobel Prize 1901–1950

et al. 2020

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Introduction: This article provides for the first time an overview of the most often nominated European neurologists for the Nobel Prize, who never received the award. It sheds light on candidates from France, Germany, Italy, Russia, and the UK during the first half of the 20th century. The aim is to highlight the candidates in the field of neurology, to discuss key arguments in the nomination letters, and to raise questions about research trends and hotspots in European neurology 1901-1950. Methods: Using the Nobel nomination database which contains >5,000 nominations in the prize category physiology or medicine from 1901 to the early 1950s, we listed European neurologists who were nominated more than once during this time period. We then collected nomination letters and jury reports of the prime candidates in the archive of the Nobel Committee for physiology or medicine in Sweden to explore nomination networks and motives. Results: We pinpointed scholars like Joseph Babinski, Vladimir Bektherev, Sir Henry Head, Eduard Hitzig, and Ugo Cerletti. The nomination motives were diverse, ranging from "lifetime" achievements and textbooks to singular (eponymous) discoveries. Issues of scientific priority disputes were central in most nomination letters. Conclusion: Nobel Prize nominations constitute a lens through which credit and recognition around major contributions in neurology during the 20th century can be examined. They are unique sources that enable the reconstruction of both research trends in the field and the reputation of individual neurologists.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Babinski, Bektherev, Cerletti, Head, and Hitzig: European Neurologists Nominated for the Nobel Prize 1901–1950

et al. 2020

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“…Our research group has previously traced Nobel Prize nominees by analyzing nominations and Nobel committee evaluations within the category "physiology or medicine," e.g., in surgery (Hansson et al 2019), cardiology (Drobietz et al 2020), and neurology (Hansson et al 2020) to investigate the attribution of credit in medicine. In a previous paper, we provided an overview of the "Nobel population of pharmacologists," i.e., nominees and nominators for the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine (Pohar 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Between two stools? Pharmacologists nominated for Nobel prizes in “physiology or medicine” and “chemistry” 1901–1950 with a focus on John Jacob Abel (1857–1938)

Pohar

Hansson

2020

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol

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Since the early stages of its academic professionalization, pharmacology has been an interdisciplinary field strongly influenced by the natural sciences. Using the Nobel Prize as a lens to study the history of pharmacology, this article analyzes nominations of pharmacologists for two Nobel Prize categories, namely “chemistry” and “physiology or medicine” from 1901 to 1950. Who were they? Why were they proposed, and what do the Nobel dossiers say about excellence in pharmacology and research trends? This paper highlights the evaluation of “shortlisted” candidates, i.e., those candidates who were of particular interest for the members of the Nobel Committee in physiology or medicine. We focus on the US scholar John Jacob Abel (1857–1938), repeatedly referred to as the “Founder of American Pharmacology.” Nominated 17 times in both categories, Abel was praised by his nominators for both basic research as well as for his influential positions as editor and his work as chair at Johns Hopkins University. The Abel nominations were evaluated for the Nobel Committee in chemistry by the Swedish professor of chemistry and pharmaceutics Einar Hammarsten (1889–1968), particularly interested in Abel’s work on hormones in the adrenal glands and in the pituitary gland. Eventually, Hammarsten did not view Abel’s work prizeworthy, partly because other scholars had done—according to Hammarsten—more important discoveries in the same fields. In conclusion, analyses of Nobel Prize nominations help us to better understand various meanings of excellence in pharmacology during the twentieth century and beyond.

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Who is who in cardiovascular research? What a review of Nobel Prize nominations reveals about scientific trends

2021

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Background Since 1901, at least 15 scholars who contributed to cardiovascular research have reveiced a Nobel prize in physiology or medicine. Methods Using the Nobel nomination database (nobelprize.org), which contains 5950 nominations in the accessible period from 1901 to 1953 in physiology or medicine, we listed all international nominees who contributed to cardiovascular research. We subsequently collected nomination letters and jury reports of the prime candidates from the archive of the Nobel Committee in Sweden to identify shortlisted candidates. Results The five most frequently nominated researchers with cardiovascular connections from 1901 to 1953 were, in descending order, the surgeon René Leriche (1879–1955) (FR) with a total of 79 nominations, the physiologist and 1924 Nobel laureate Willem Einthoven (1860–1927) (NL) (31 nominations), the surgeon Alfred Blalock (1899–1964) (US) (29 nominations), the pharmacologist and 1936 Nobel laureate Otto Loewi (1873–1961) (DE, AT, US) (27 nominations) and the paediatric cardiologist Helen Taussig (1898–1986) (US) (24 nominations). The research of these scholars merely hints at the width of topics brought up by nominators ranging from the physiological and pathological basics to the diagnosis and (surgical) interventions of diseases such as heart malformation or hypertension. Conclusion We argue that an analysis of Nobel Prize nominations can reconstruct important scientific trends within cardiovascular research during the first half of the twentieth century.

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“A distinguished and noble character”: the Nobel Prize nominations for Hugo W. Knipping

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Babinski, Bektherev, Cerletti, Head, and Hitzig: European Neurologists Nominated for the Nobel Prize 1901–1950

Babinski, Bektherev, Cerletti, Head, and Hitzig: European Neurologists Nominated for the Nobel Prize 1901–1950

Between two stools? Pharmacologists nominated for Nobel prizes in “physiology or medicine” and “chemistry” 1901–1950 with a focus on John Jacob Abel (1857–1938)

Who is who in cardiovascular research? What a review of Nobel Prize nominations reveals about scientific trends

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