A double-closed loop DC/DC converter based on a piezoelectric transformer

Díaz, J.; Martín-Ramos, J.A.; Prieto, M.J.; Nuño, F.

doi:10.1109/apec.2004.1296051

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The PT design was based on a ring-shaped element operating in thickness vibrational mode, where the primary and secondary sections are separated by an isolation layer [90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100].…”

Section: Beyond the 2000s: Power Piezoelectric Transformersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoelectric Transformers: An Historical Review

Carazo¹

2016

Actuators

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Piezoelectric transformers (PTs) are solid-state devices that transform electrical energy into electrical energy by means of a mechanical vibration. These devices are manufactured using piezoelectric materials that are driven at resonance. With appropriate design and circuitry, it is possible to step up and step down the voltages between the input and output sections of the piezoelectric transformer, without making use of magnetic materials and obtaining excellent conversion efficiencies. The initial concept of a piezoelectric ceramic transformer was proposed by Charles A. Rosen in 1954. Since then, the evolution of piezoelectric transformers through history has been linked to the relevant work of some excellent researchers as well as to the evolution in materials, manufacturing processes, and driving circuit techniques. This paper summarizes the historical evolution of the technology.Keywords: piezoelectric transformer; piezoelectric-based power supply; non-magnetic transformers Historical Introduction 1920s-1930s: Early Studies on Piezoelectric Transformers Using Salt Rochelle Single CrystalThe first studies on electrical to electrical conversion using piezoelectric materials took place in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Alexander McLean Nicolson has the honor of being the first researcher to investigate the idea of a piezoelectric transformer. Nicolson considered two single crystal blocks preloaded against each other with an external frame (Figure 1). Abstract: Piezoelectric transformers (PTs) are solid-state devices that transform electrical energy into electrical energy by means of a mechanical vibration. These devices are manufactured using piezoelectric materials that are driven at resonance. With appropriate design and circuitry, it is possible to step up and step down the voltages between the input and output sections of the piezoelectric transformer, without making use of magnetic materials and obtaining excellent conversion efficiencies. The initial concept of a piezoelectric ceramic transformer was proposed by Charles A. Rosen in 1954. Since then, the evolution of piezoelectric transformers through history has been linked to the relevant work of some excellent researchers as well as to the evolution in materials, manufacturing processes, and driving circuit techniques. This paper summarizes the historical evolution of the technology.

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Section: Beyond the 2000s: Power Piezoelectric Transformersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Piezoelectric Transformers: An Historical Review

Carazo¹

2016

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“…However, (Diaz et al, 2004) showed that when ZVS is required, it is necessary to have a distance between the resonance peak and the minimum operation frequency. The reason is that some reactive energy is necessary to achieve ZVS.…”

Section: Static Model With Frequency Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normalized statical analysis with frequency and load variation for the class-E converter based on piezoelectric transformers

Engleitner¹,

Pinheiro²,

Bisogno³

et al. 2011

Sba Controle & Automação

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RESUMO Análise Estática Normalizada com Variação de Frequên-cia e Carga para o Conversor Classe-E utilizando Transformadores PiezoelétricosOs transformadores Piezoelétricos permitem o projeto de aplicações promissoras para fontes de alimentação até 100W, melhorando a eficiência, reduzindo o tamanho, facilitando a obtenção de grandes relações de transformação, além de proporcionar alta imunidade contra ruídos eletromagnéticos e interferências. Por apresentarem um modelo elétrico equivalente de característica ressonante, utilizam-se topologias de conversores ressonantes para projetar estes conversores, como por exemplo, a topologia Classe-E. Para facilitar a aná-lise de conversores de ordem superior, pode-se utilizar um método de análise normalizado. O controle do conversor Classe-E utilizando transformadores piezoelétricos é implementado através da variação da freqüência e da razão cíclica de operação. O ganho estático é regulado através da variação da freqüência de chaveamento, e a razão cíclica muda para atender as condições de comutação suave para diferentes freqüências. Este artigo apresenta uma análise completa normalizada deste processo, incluindo variação normalizada da frequência e carga, permitindo escolher um ponto ótimo de projeto estático e avaliar seu comportamento com a variação de frequência, sem a necessidade de parâmetros de projeto. São mostrados resultados experimentais para um conversor abaixador de 3W, para uma entrada universal de 85-260 V AC e saída de 6 V DC, para validar a metodologia apresentada. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Conversor Classe-E, Conversores Ressonantes, Transformadores Piezoelétricos, Análise Normalizada. ABSTRACTPiezoelectric transformers (PTs) allow the design of promising power supply applications, increasing efficiency, reducing size, facilitating the achievement of high transformation ratio, besides providing high immunity against electromagnetic noise. Due to the electrical equivalent model having resonant characteristics, some resonant topologies are used Revista Controle & Automação/Vol.22 no.6/Novembro e Dezembro 2011 573 to build these power supplies, i.e. the Class-E converter. In order to make easier the analysis of high order converters, it's possible to use a normalized analysis method. The control of the Class-E converter using PTs is implemented through the switching frequency and duty cycle variation. The static gain is achieved though the switching frequency variation, while the duty cycle is adjusted with the purpose of achieving soft switching for different frequencies and loads. This paper shows a normalized analysis of this process, including a normalized frequency and load variation, without the need of design parameters. Experimental results for a 3W stepdown converter are shown for a universal 85-260 V AC input and output voltage 6 V DC, to validate the proposed method.

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“…Additionally, it has been demonstrated that 41% loss reduction has been achieved plus considerable improvement in EMI in the frequency range of above 1MHz. Double feedback loops have been implemented in PT-based DC/DC drivers [21]. One loop using the phase control method for frequency adjusting to obtain ZVS and maximum gain / efficiency, and the other loop for output regulation.…”

Section: Control Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…inductors, for achieving ZVS in converters [8,15,20,21]. The usage of one or more magnetic devices has been done in resonant converters by placing an inductor in series with a PT in the half-bridge topology in order to pump sufficient current into the input capacitor of the PT during dead time.…”

Section: B Soft Switching Operation and Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

State-of-the-art piezoelectric transformer-based switch mode power supplies

Ekhtiari

Zhang

Andersen

2014

IECON 2014 - 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

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Abstract-Inductorless switch mode power supplies based on piezoelectric transformers are used to replace conventional transformers in high power density switch mode power supplies. Even though piezoelectric-based converters exhibit a high degree of nonlinearity, it is desirable to use piezoelectric transformers due to their smaller size, lighter weight, lower electromagnetic interference, higher power density, higher efficiency, and lower cost. Moreover, PTs allow converters to operate in high switching frequencies and by obtaining soft switching condition, switching losses will decrease. This paper discusses power supplies with the trend evaluation of piezoelectric transformer-based converter topologies and control methods. The challenges of piezoelectric transformers regarding soft switching capability and nonlinearity are addressed. This paper can be used as a guideline for choosing a proper topology of piezoelectric-based switch mode power supply and a control method for the required application.

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A double-closed loop DC/DC converter based on a piezoelectric transformer

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Piezoelectric Transformers: An Historical Review

Piezoelectric Transformers: An Historical Review

Normalized statical analysis with frequency and load variation for the class-E converter based on piezoelectric transformers

State-of-the-art piezoelectric transformer-based switch mode power supplies

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