A dual-fluorophore and dual-site multifunctional fluorescent sensor for real-time visualization of mitochondrial ONOO-/GSH cross-talk in living cells

Visualization of peroxynitrite/GSH cross-talk in the oxidant–antioxidant balance by a dual-fluorophore and dual-site based mito-specific fluorescent probe

“…It could detect both ONOO − and GSH simultaneously, but the short excitation wavelength is still a severe problem. 46 Reviewing the probes mentioned above, we found three flaws: (i) They cannot specifically target mitochondria, which is the central organelle for the ONOO − reaction and formation in the living cells, significantly reducing their sensitivity. (ii) With only one fluorophore or response group, it is too hard to distinguish the response between ONOO − and GSH.…”

A dual-responsive ratiometric indicator designed for in vivo monitoring of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity

“…32 In 2022, Jing et al developed Mito-CM-CD, a mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe that enables real-time dynamic monitoring of ONOO − and GSH. 33 However, to date, no fluorescent probe capable of simultaneously detecting H 2 O 2 and NAD(P)H has been reported. H 2 O 2 and NAD(P)H are two essential components of the oxidative–reductive system, and their simultaneous monitoring is imperative for gaining a comprehensive understanding of the physiological imbalance between oxidation and reduction in cells and tissues under pathological conditions.…”

Dual-Channel Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Peroxynitrite and Glutathione in Mitochondria: Accurate Discrimination of Inflammatory and Progressing Tumor Cells

“…As one of the redox homeostasis molecules in mitochondria, the dynamic change in GSH maintains the balance of the redox system by scavenging free ROS/RNS. , Therefore, it is desirable to study the dynamic relationship between GSH and ONOO – in the mitochondria of different kinds of cells. Recently, several fluorescent probes have been proposed for monitoring GSH and ONOO – in cells. ,− Yu et al reported a heptamethine cyanine-based fluorescent probe to monitor the changes in ONOO – /GSH levels . Wu et al constructed mitochondria-targeting and redox-reversible near-infrared phosphorescent iridium probes for visualizing imaging of mitochondrial ONOO – /GSH content .…”