A dynamic root system growth model based on L-Systems

Leitner, Daniel; Klepsch, Sabine; Bodner, Gernot; Schnepf, Andrea

doi:10.1007/s11104-010-0284-7

Cited by 148 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Hodge et al 2009;Leitner et al 2010). However, it is evident that roots themselves micro-engineer their environment optimising conditions for growth and uptake processes (Young and Crawford 2004;Gregory 2006).…”

Section: Subsystem Interactions and Feedbacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of crop water under drought: a review

Bodner

Nakhforoosh

Kaul

2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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452

234

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Drought is a predominant cause of low yields worldwide. There is an urgent need for more water efficient cropping systems facing large water consumption of irrigated agriculture and high unproductive losses via runoff and evaporation. Identification of yield-limiting constraints in the plant-soil-atmosphere continuum are the key to improved management of plant water stress. Crop ecology provides a systematic approach for this purpose integrating soil hydrology and plant physiology into the context of crop production. We review main climate, soil and plant properties and processes that determine yield in different water-limited environments. From this analysis, management measures for cropping systems under specific drought conditions are derived. Major findings from literature analysis are as follows. (1) Unproductive water losses such as evaporation and runoff increase from continental in-season rainfall climates to storage-dependent winter rainfall climates. Highest losses occur under tropical residual moisture regimes with short intense rainy season. (2) Sites with a climatic dry season require adaptation via phenology and water saving to ensure stable yields. Intermittent droughts can be buffered via the root system, which is still largely underutilised for better stress resistance. (3) At short-term better management options such as mulching and date of seeding allow to adjust cropping systems to site constraints. Adapted cultivars can improve the synchronisation between crop water demand and soil supply. At long term, soil hydraulic and plant physiological constraints can be overcome by changing tillage systems and breeding new varieties with higher stress resistance. (4) Interactions between plant and soil, particularly in the rhizosphere, are a way towards better crop water supply. Targeted management of such plant-soil interactions is still at infancy.We conclude that understanding site-specific stress hydrology is imperative to select the most efficient measures to mitigate stress. Major progress in future can be expected from crop ecology focussing on the management of complex plant (root)-soil interactions.

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Section: Subsystem Interactions and Feedbacksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of crop water under drought: a review

Bodner

Nakhforoosh

Kaul

2015

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

Self Cite

452

234

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“…Since the growth conditions were the same, we view the four images as replicates. Thus, we merge the data structures and use these data to parameterize the dynamic root architectural model of Leitner et al (2010). This model needs 12 input parameters for each root type, as shown in Table II.…”

Section: Parameterizing the Root Architectural Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parameterization of the root architectural model is of utmost importance for a realistic description of root surface development in soil. In this work, we use the parameter set of young lupine plants to create simulated root architectures based on the model of Leitner et al (2010) and to investigate the dynamic development of global root system properties.…”

Section: Modeling Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We use the resulting data structure to parameterize the dynamic root architectural model of Leitner et al (2010); however, any other root architectural model could be parameterized as well. This model needs 12 input parameters, as shown in Table II.…”

Section: Model Parameterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, there is a user interface that allows for manual correction of individual roots if required. In this work, we do not go into the details about the segmentation step but focus on the root tracking step and the parameterization of a root system model (Leitner et al, 2010). The described algorithm starts with a sequence of segmented twodimensional images showing the dynamic development of a root system.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Recovering Root System Traits Using Image Analysis Exemplified by Two-Dimensional Neutron Radiography Images of Lupine

et al. 2013

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Root system traits are important in view of current challenges such as sustainable crop production with reduced fertilizer input or in resource-limited environments. We present a novel approach for recovering root architectural parameters based on imageanalysis techniques. It is based on a graph representation of the segmented and skeletonized image of the root system, where individual roots are tracked in a fully automated way. Using a dynamic root architecture model for deciding whether a specific path in the graph is likely to represent a root helps to distinguish root overlaps from branches and favors the analysis of root development over a sequence of images. After the root tracking step, global traits such as topological characteristics as well as root architectural parameters are computed. Analysis of neutron radiographic root system images of lupine (Lupinus albus) grown in mesocosms filled with sandy soil results in a set of root architectural parameters. They are used to simulate the dynamic development of the root system and to compute the corresponding root length densities in the mesocosm. The graph representation of the root system provides global information about connectivity inside the graph. The underlying root growth model helps to determine which path inside the graph is most likely for a given root. This facilitates the systematic investigation of root architectural traits, in particular with respect to the parameterization of dynamic root architecture models.

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Pedotransfer Functions in Earth System Science: Challenges and Perspectives

Looy

Bouma

Herbst

et al. 2017

Reviews of Geophysics

410

297

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Soil, through its various functions, plays a vital role in the Earth's ecosystems and provides multiple ecosystem services to humanity. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are simple to complex knowledge rules that relate available soil information to soil properties and variables that are needed to parameterize soil processes. In this paper, we review the existing PTFs and document the new generation of PTFs developed in the different disciplines of Earth system science. To meet the methodological challenges for a successful application in Earth system modeling, we emphasize that PTF development has to go hand in hand with suitable extrapolation and upscaling techniques such that the PTFs correctly represent the spatial heterogeneity of soils. PTFs should encompass the variability of the estimated soil property or process, in such a way that the estimation of parameters allows for validation and can also confidently provide for extrapolation and upscaling purposes capturing the spatial variation in soils. Most actively pursued recent developments are related to parameterizations of solute transport, heat exchange, soil respiration, and organic carbon content, root density, and vegetation water uptake. Further challenges are to be addressed in parameterization of soil erosivity and land use change impacts at multiple scales. We argue that a comprehensive set of PTFs can be applied throughout a wide range of disciplines of Earth system science, with emphasis on land surface models. Novel sensing techniques provide a true breakthrough for this, yet further improvements are necessary for methods to deal with uncertainty and to validate applications at global scale.

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A dynamic root system growth model based on L-Systems

Cited by 148 publications

References 44 publications

Management of crop water under drought: a review

Management of crop water under drought: a review

Recovering Root System Traits Using Image Analysis Exemplified by Two-Dimensional Neutron Radiography Images of Lupine

Pedotransfer Functions in Earth System Science: Challenges and Perspectives

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