A Entrevista Cartográfica na Investigação da Experiência Mnêmica

Abstract

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa que objetivou comparar metodologias de pesquisa no campo de estudos da memória, no contexto da retomada do tema da consciência e da experiência na Psicologia cognitiva. Assumindo a perspectiva da teoria da enação de Francisco Varela, entendemos que a experiência não é representação de um mundo pré-dado e que sujeito e objeto são coemergentes. O projeto pretendeu comparar as metodologias quanto às suas possibilidades de acesso à experiência. Para tanto, buscamos comparar uma metodologia de terceira pessoa e uma de primeira pessoa no estudo do fenômeno denominado "falsa lembrança". Utilizamos como metodologia de terceira pessoa um protocolo experimental baseado num experimento de desinformação formulado por Belli e, como metodologia de primeira pessoa, desenvolvemos uma técnica de entrevista inspirada na Entrevista de Explicitação de Pierre Vermersch, denominada entrevista cartográfica. Este artigo apresenta alguns dos resultados desse projeto, sobretudo no que diz respeito ao acesso à experiência de lembrar nas entrevistas. A metodologia de terceira pessoa mostra restrições no acesso à experiência mesma do lembrar, uma vez que ela não se refere diretamente à experiência, mas às variáveis de "tempo de reação" e "escore de acertos" a questões pré-definidas. Há, portanto, uma tendência judicativa em relação à experiência subjetiva. Já nas entrevistas, pudemos observar diferentes movimentos de maior ou menor acolhimento da coemergência. Definimos três categorias como indicadores desses movimentos: automatismo, controle egoico e autonomia coletiva, que são descritas no artigo.

Participar da análise, analisar a participação: aspectos metodológicos de uma pesquisa-intervenção participativa em saúde mental

“…One of the most striking interventions of this approach is the assertion of the participation of others, assessing its effects. This is the case of the "participatory research", which claims as one of its main interventions the social, political and/or epistemological transformations of the active participation of others in their research devices (Passos;Barros, 2000) 4 . This method also presents various degrees and nuances, as one can participate as a collaborator to achieve certain pre-established goals or as a co-author in the knowledge production process.…”

A política de narratividade na pesquisa-intervenção participativa

“…As alterity, the experience is presented in its procedural and genetic face, in which the meaning is not completely discretized in fixed and isolated points of view (Passos et al, 2018;Petitmengin, 2007), but carries loose lines that lead to polyphony. Different themes do scramble from the otherness of experience, as well as the self-other distinction -what is my discourse and what is the other's discourse -often becomes difficult in dialogue.…”

“…In our view, much of the power of the GAM device as a strengthening strategy for the Brazilian psychiatric reform lies in its ability to produce narratives, to help participants freely talk about their experiences, building a meaning for them associated with other people equally interested in this process. This is the highlight point, the GAM device presupposes a narrative policy (Passos;Benevides, 2009) that needs to be studied and included in participatory researchintervention . Our objective, is to discuss and present this narrative policy, clarifying how it was present in our research projects.…”

Gestão Autônoma da Medicação: inovações metodológicas no campo da saúde pública

“…The Enativos group were initially focused on the cognition field, particularly investigating the "false memories," a phenomenon that puts into question the strictly representational character of cognition. In our investigation, we understand that this cognitive phenomenon forces us to include, as data from the study and as a perspective of analysis of these information, the alterity of the experience of the one who remembers, which prevents an easy separation between what is a true and what is a false memory 2 (Passos et al, 2018;Silva et al, 2006Silva et al, , 2010. The inclusion of the alterity of the subjects' experience led us to build the methodological approach of participatory research-intervention, which proved pertinent to the public health field.…”

“…Researchers and participants are implicated, which gives a sense of care to the research -both mutually transform each other during the investigation process, they are coemergent effects of this process. Knowledge is defined by its collective autonomy (Passos et al, 2018), because it takes place in the reception of alterity, which is equivalent to recognizing the interdependence between me and others: being autonomous is not acting independently and alone, but rather considering the bonds that constitute us. The research process is, at the same time, participative and interventive.…”