A facile method to form highly-ordered TiO₂ nanotubes at a stable growth rate of 1000 nm min⁻¹ under 60 V using an organic electrolyte for improved photovoltaic properties

Formation of highly ordered TiO2 nanotubes on Ti6Al4V alloys manufactured by electron beam powder bed fusion (E-PBF)

“…Anodizing is one of the most interesting surface modification processes due to its good reproducibility, simplicity, low-cost, and the fact that no complex equipment is needed [17,18]. Furthermore, a special interest in anodization has been given to the formation of 1D-nanostructures such a TiO 2 nanotubes (TNT) [19][20][21][22][23], which has been proposed as a promising application in many industrial fields ranging from water treatment with photovoltaic systems to biomedical applications, including nanosensors [24], controlled-release substances [25], solar cells [26], water splitting [27], electrochromic devices [28], Li-ion battery anodes [24], osteointegration promoters, and antibacterial agents reservoirs for prosthetic implants [17,22,29,30]. In addition to the advantages mentioned above, the anodizing technique offers the possibility of producing coatings on parts with rather complex geometries.…”

The Effects of Anodization Conditions on TiO2 Nanotubes Features Obtained Using Aqueous Electrolytes with Xanthan Gum

“…Although there are various techniques to fabricate titanium dioxide nanotubes, anodization has grown to be one of the most often used due to its simplicity and ease of use. Aqueous solutions containing hydrofluoric acid were the first electrolytes used to create nanotubes, and these electrolytes produced short and non-homogeneous TiO 2 nanotubes; however, organic electrolytes permitted the obtention of highly ordered nanotubes with lengths further than 200 µm [2,7,8,12,13]. The features of nanotubes made in organic media have led to a noticeable increase in the amount of research being carried out on them.…”