A family of laboratory strains ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae carry rearrangements involving chromosomes I and III

Casarégola, Serge; Nguyen, Huu Vang; Lépingle, Andrée; Brignon, P.; Gendre, François; Gaillardin, Claude

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0061(19980430)14:6<551::aid-yea260>3.0.co;2-q

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 47 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…While we noted a Ty element at position 181,016 bp, and an additional LTR delta 171 bp upstream in the enological yeast, the sequenced strain S288C does not bear a transposon or delta elements at these positions (Bussey et al 1995). This chromosomal region obviously corresponds to a transposition hot spot, as indicated by Casaregola et al (1998). It contains several remnant transposon LTRs, and Casaregola et al (1998) have shown that yeast strains can display strong structural variations in this area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…This chromosomal region obviously corresponds to a transposition hot spot, as indicated by Casaregola et al (1998). It contains several remnant transposon LTRs, and Casaregola et al (1998) have shown that yeast strains can display strong structural variations in this area. In addition, they described in a set of laboratory strains a translocation mediated by a Ty element located in this region (Casaregola et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the natural occurrence of Ty-mediated rearrangements and their contribution to genome evolution is unknown because such spontaneous events are dicult to detect. They may be suspected on the basis of chromosome length polymorphisms, and such an observation led to the identi®cation of a spontaneous Ty-mediated reciprocal translocation in a set of laboratory strains (Casaregola et al 1998). In enological or other industrial strains, a wide range of evidence indicates that chromosomal rearrangements are more common than in laboratory strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Multiple Ty-mediated chromosomal translocations lead to karyotype changes in a wine strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Rachidi¹,

Barré²,

Blondin³

1999

Mol Gen Genet

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Enological strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae display a high level of chromosome length polymorphism, but the molecular basis of this phenomenon has not yet been clearly defined. In order to gain further insight into the molecular mechanisms responsible for the karyotypic variability, we examined the chromosomal constitution of a strain known to possess aberrant chromosomes. Our data revealed that the strain carries four rearranged chromosomes resulting from two reciprocal translocations between chromosomes III and I, and chromosomes III and VII. The sizes of the chromosomal fragments exchanged through translocation range from 40 to 150 kb. Characterization of the breakpoints indicated that the translocations involved the RAHS of chromosome III, a transposition hot-spot on the right arm of chromosome I and a region on the left arm of chromosome VII. An analysis of the junctions showed that in all cases Ty elements were present and suggested that the translocations result from recombination between transposable Ty elements. The evidence for multiple translocations mediated by Ty elements in a single strain suggests that spontaneous Ty-driven rearrangement could be quite common and may play a major role in the alteration of karyotypes in natural and industrial yeasts.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Multiple Ty-mediated chromosomal translocations lead to karyotype changes in a wine strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Rachidi¹,

Barré²,

Blondin³

1999

Mol Gen Genet

122

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Translocations have been shown to be very common in S. cerevisiae; however, most of them are mediated through Ty or subtelomeric YЈ element recombination (Kupiec and Petes 1988;Casaregola et al 1998), especially in wine strains (Bidenne et al 1992;Rachidi et al 1999). Ectopic translocations through subtelomeric repetitive elements have also been proposed as the mechanism involved in the origin of some subtelomeric gene families such as SUC, MAL, RTM, or MEL, and have been correlated with the improvement of the features of some industrial yeast strains (discussed in Ness and Figure 5 Maximum parsimony tree that minimizes the number of mutational events required to connect all the sequence variants of the ECM34 gene promoter from different Saccharomyces strains N to N, nucleotide substitutions; ins, insertions; dupl; sequence duplications or repeats; 2x, a double event.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of a Chromosomal Rearrangement Involved in the Adaptive Evolution of Yeast Strains

Pérez‐Ortín

Querol²,

Puig³

et al. 2002

Genome Res.

246

273

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wine yeast strains show a high level of chromosome length polymorphism. This polymorphism is mainly generated by illegitimate recombination mediated by Ty transposons or subtelomeric repeated sequences. We have found, however, that the SSU1-R allele, which confers sulfite resistance to yeast cells, is the product of a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes VIII and XVI due to unequal crossing-over mediated by microhomology between very short sequences on the 5Ј upstream regions of the SSU1 and ECM34 genes. We also show that this translocation is only present in wine yeast strains, suggesting that the use for millennia of sulfite as a preservative in wine production could have favored its selection. This is the first time that a gross chromosomal rearrangement is shown to be involved in the adaptive evolution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.[The sequence data from this study have been submitted to EMBL under accession nos. AF239757, AF239758, and AJ458340-AJ458367. The following individual kindly provided reagents, samples, or unpublished information as indicated in the paper: N. Goto-Yamamoto.] The unaware use of yeast for winemaking by the first agricultural civilizations has been reported as far back as 7400 years ago. Until the middle of the last millennium, wines were mainly produced around the Mediterranean Sea and the Caucasus. Since then, winemaking has spread with the European colonizers throughout the temperate regions of the world (Pretorius 2000).Although different genera and species of yeasts are found in musts, the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae is mainly responsible for the transformation of musts into wines. The origin of S. cerevisiae is controversial. Some authors propose that this species is a "natural" organism present in plant fruits (Mortimer and Polsinelli 1999). Others argue that S. cerevisiae is a domesticated species originated from its closest relative S. paradoxus, a wild species found all around the world (Vaughan-Martini and Martini 1995). This debate is important in postulating the original genome of S. cerevisiae and how the strong selective pressure applied since its first unconscious use in controlled fermentation processes has reshaped it. Useful phenotypic traits such as fast growth in sugar-rich media, high alcohol production and tolerance, and good flavor production selected for billions of generations have had strong influences on the S. cerevisiae genome.In contrast to most S. cerevisiae strains used in the laboratory, which are either haploid or diploid and have a constant chromosome electrophoretic profile, wine yeast strains are mainly diploid, aneuploid, or polyploid, homothallic, and . Their exacerbated capacity to reorganize its genome by chromosome rearrangements such as Ty-promoted chromosomal translocations (Longo and Vézinhet 1993;Rachidi et al. 1999), mitotic crossing-over (Aguilera et al. 2000), and gene conversion (Puig et al. 2000) promotes a faster adaptation to environmental changes than spontaneous mutations, which occur at comparatively very low rat...

show abstract

“…Rearrangements involving Ty1 and Ty2 elements were also more frequent in telomerase-defective strains. However, these rearrangements involving Ty elements are not HR events between repeated Ty elements, as observed in laboratory strains, natural isolates, the chromosomal evolution of closely related species of the Saccharomyces sensu stricto group, and recent studies of fragile sites due to the suppression of DNA polymerases (14,33,54,84,107). Rather, these rearrangements may be due to the Ty1 mobilization observed in strains with telomere dysfunction, possibly leading to the transient production of some type of rearrangement target such as a double-strand break (92,93); telomerase defects could cause Ty elements to become fragile, similar to the suppression of polymerases (54); or telomerase defects could alter the closed chromatin structure of Ty elements (6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a Model System To Define the Chromosomal Instability Phenotype

Putnam

Pennaneach

Kolodner

2005

Molecular and Cellular Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Translocations, deletions, and chromosome fusions are frequent events seen in cancers with genome instability. Here we analyzed 358 genome rearrangements generated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae selected by the loss of the nonessential terminal segment of chromosome V. The rearrangements appeared to be generated by both nonhomologous end joining and homologous recombination and targeted all chromosomes. Fifteen percent of the rearrangements occurred independently more than once. High levels of specific classes of rearrangements were isolated from strains with specific mutations: translocations to Ty elements were increased in telomerasedefective mutants, potential dicentric translocations and dicentric isochromosomes were associated with cell cycle checkpoint defects, chromosome fusions were frequent in strains with both telomerase and cell cycle checkpoint defects, and translocations to homolog genes were seen in strains with defects allowing homoeologous recombination. An analysis of human cancer-associated rearrangements revealed parallels to the effects that strain genotypes have on classes of rearrangement in S. cerevisiae.The development and progression of cancer are correlated with genetic instability. These genomic changes are associated with either a microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype, involving defects in mismatch repair and a dramatic increase in base substitution and insertion/deletion mutation rates, or a chromosomal instability (CIN) phenotype, involving changes in chromosome number and structure (reviewed in reference 55); however, some tumors have been observed with both MSI and CIN. A causal role for CIN in tumorigenesis is still debated; however, most cancers are associated with dramatic changes to the chromosomal complement (68), and several hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes are closely linked to CIN (49). Using the mutator hypothesis (61), it has been argued that changes in gene dosage, a loss of heterozygosity, a deregulation of gene expression, and the generation of gain-of-function protein chimeras due to CIN are sufficient to drive tumorigenesis in many cases, even without mutations in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes (29). Thus, understanding CIN is likely to provide some insight into the mechanisms of tumorigenesis.One of the major barriers to understanding the CIN phenotype, even for model organisms such as the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is that there are very few genetic systems capable of systematic characterizations of genome rearrangements (49, 105). In principle, rearrangements can arise through both homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathways. In practice, the lack of a detailed understanding of the genetic and biochemical mechanisms that underlie these types of rearrangements in vivo has remained a bottleneck to understanding the generation of genome rearrangements in cancer and other human diseases.An assay designed to analyze the formation of translocations and other gross chromosomal rearrangements (GCRs) was developed wit...

show abstract

A family of laboratory strains ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae carry rearrangements involving chromosomes I and III

Cited by 34 publications

References 47 publications

Multiple Ty-mediated chromosomal translocations lead to karyotype changes in a wine strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Multiple Ty-mediated chromosomal translocations lead to karyotype changes in a wine strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Molecular Characterization of a Chromosomal Rearrangement Involved in the Adaptive Evolution of Yeast Strains

Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a Model System To Define the Chromosomal Instability Phenotype

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About