A Follow-Up of Donora Ten Years After: Methodology and Findings

Ciocco, Antonio; Thompson, Donovan J.

doi:10.2105/ajph.51.2.155

Cited by 146 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Deaths associated with the severe pollution episodes of Meuse Valley, Belgium, 4 Donora, PA, 9 and London 10 were due to both respiratory and cardiovascular disorders, often in combination. 6,7 Analyses of a less severe episode 38 observed stronger pollutionrelated associations with cardiovascular than with respiratory deaths.…”

Section: Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Health Effects of Fine Particulate Air Pollution: Lines that Connect

Pope

Dockery²

2006

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

5,670

3,159

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Efforts to understand and mitigate the health effects of particulate matter (PM) air pollution have a rich and interesting history. This review focuses on six substantial lines of research that have been pursued since 1997 that have helped elucidate our understanding about the effects of PM on human health. There has been substantial progress in the evaluation of PM health effects at different time-scales of exposure and in the exploration of the shape of the concentration-response function. There has also been emerging evidence of PM-related cardiovascular health effects and growing knowledge regarding interconnected general pathophysiological pathways that link PM exposure with cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality. Despite important gaps in scientific knowledge and continued reasons for some skepticism, a comprehensive evaluation of the research findings provides persuasive evidence that exposure to fine particulate air pollution has adverse effects on cardiopulmonary health. Although much of this research has been motivated by environmental public health policy, these results have important scientific, medical, and public health implications that are broader than debates over legally mandated air quality standards.

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Section: Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Health Effects of Fine Particulate Air Pollution: Lines that Connect

Pope

Dockery²

2006

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

5,670

3,159

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The size distribution of total suspended particles (TSPs) in the atmosphere is trimodal and includes coarse particles, fine particles, and ultrafine particles. Coarse 47 0.4 'Based on updated summary estimates from previous reviews (6,8,10 (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) and hospitalization or related health care end points ( Table 1). Most of these studies have evaluated associations between respiratory hospital admissions and air pollution.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Fine Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Human Health: Biologic Mechanisms and Who's at Risk?

Pope¹

2000

Environmental Health Perspectives

432

110

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This article briefly summarizes the epidemiology of the health effects of fine particulate air pollution, provides an early, somewhat speculative, discussion of the contribution of epidemiology to evaluating biologic mechanisms, and evaluates who's at risk or is susceptible to adverse health effects. Based on preliminary epidemiologic evidence, it is speculated that a systemic response to fine particle-induced pulmonary inflammation, including cytokine release and altered cardiac autonomic function, may be part of the pathophysiologic mechanisms or pathways linking particulate pollution with cardiopulmonary disease. The elderly, infants, and persons with chronic cardiopulmonary disease, influenza, or asthma are most susceptible to mortality and serious morbidity effects from short-term acutely elevated exposures. Others are susceptible to less serious health effects such as transient increases in respiratory symptoms, decreased lung function, or other physiologic changes. Chronic exposure studies suggest relatively broad susceptibility to cumulative effects of long-term repeated exposure to fine particulate pollution, resulting in substantive estimates of population average loss of life expectancy in highly polluted environments. Additional knowledge is needed about the specific pollutants or mix of pollutants responsible for the adverse health effects and the biologic mechanisms involved. Key words: air pollution, cardiopulmonary disease, health effects, life expectancy, particulate pollution, review.-Environ Health Perspect 1 08(suppl 4): 713-723 (2000).

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“…Outdoor air pollution has been implicated as a significant cause of both morbidity and mortality in Sao Paulo (3,4) and in other urban areas (9,10 We used the frog palate assay as a model to detect functional and structural injuries to the ciliated epithelium because of the similarities between the epithelium of the frog palate surface with the epithelium that lines the respiratory tract of mammals. In addition, the frog palate model is sensitive to injury and allows the determination of different parameters of mucociliary transport (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, adverse health effects are observed at concentrations below the air quality standards and are detectable a few days after the pollution increases (1). The pollutant most robustly associated with health impairment is the inhalable fraction of particles < 10 pm in aerodynamic diameter (PM1O) that are generated by many processes, including industrial emissions (9,10), the transportation sector, soil dust, and organic emissions from cars and buses (3,4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effects of inhalable particles on the frog palate mucociliary epithelium.

Macchione¹,

Oliveira²,

Gallafrio³

et al. 1999

Environ Health Perspect

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This work was designed to evaluate the toxicity of inhalable particles c: 10 pm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) coliected from the urban air in Sio Paulo, Brazil, to the mucociliary apparatus using the frog palate preparation. Seven groups of frog palates were immersed in different concentrations of PM10 diluted in Ringer's solution during 120 mi: 0 (control, n = 31); 50 (n = 10); 100 (n -9); 500 (n = 28); 1,000 (n = 10); 5,000 (n = 11); and 10,000 pg/m3 (n = 10). Mucociliary transport and transepithelial potential difference were determined at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min exposure. Additional groups (control and 500 pg/m3) were studied by means ofmorphometric analyses (quantification of the amount of intraepithelial and surface mucins), measurement of cilia beat frequency, and quantification of total glutathione. Mucociliary transport and transepithelial potential difference were significantly decreased at higher concentrations of PM10 (p m 0.03 and p _ 0.02, respectively). Exposure to PM10 also elicited a significant decrease of total glutathione (p 0.003) and depletion ofneutral intraepithelial mucins (p = 0.0461). These results show that PM10 can promote sigficapt alterations in ciliated epithelium in vi".

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A Follow-Up of Donora Ten Years After: Methodology and Findings

Cited by 146 publications

References 7 publications

Health Effects of Fine Particulate Air Pollution: Lines that Connect

Health Effects of Fine Particulate Air Pollution: Lines that Connect

Epidemiology of Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Human Health: Biologic Mechanisms and Who's at Risk?

Acute effects of inhalable particles on the frog palate mucociliary epithelium.

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