A follow up study of occupational exposure to 4,4′-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline) (MbOCA) and isocyanates in polyurethane manufacture in the UK

Keen, Chris; Coldwell, Matthew; McNally, Kevin; Baldwin, P.E.J.; McAlinden, John J.; Cocker, John

doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.04.003

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This study confirms the conclusions of similar surveys conducted in the UK 3 , 4) that concluded that skin absorption is the most likely route of exposure to MbOCA at the polyurethane manufacturing sites.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Exposure to 4,4′-methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) (MbOCA) in New South Wales, Australia

Shankar

Fung

Seneviratne

et al. 2017

Journal of Occupational Health

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. Biological monitoring showed a GM of 0.89 μmol/mol cr and a GSD of 11.9 and a 95% confidence interval of 52 μmol/mol cr. This indicated that 13% of the workers were over the SafeWork NSW Biological Occupational Exposure Limit of 15 μmol/ mol cr. Conclusions: Workers' exposure through inhalation was minimal; however, evidence from biological monitoring of MbOCA suggested that the main contributing factor to exposure was skin absorption. This was attributed to poor housekeeping and inadequate personal protection. Improvements in these areas were recommended, and it was also recommended to improve the awareness of the workers to the adverse effects to their health of exposure to this carcinogen.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This study was undertaken to ascertain if proper workplace exposure controls were in place in NSW. It was modeled on similar studies conducted in the UK earlier by Cocker et al 3) and Keen et al 4) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to 4,4′-methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) (MbOCA) in New South Wales, Australia

Shankar

Fung

Seneviratne

et al. 2017

Journal of Occupational Health

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“…BM has demonstrated significant variations in exposure for workers handling 4,4'-methylene-bis-ortho-chloroaniline (MbOCA) performing almost identical work in the same workplace. 4, 5, 6 This indicates the pronounced effect that individual working practices can have on exposure. BM provides a feedback loop to workers and managers, and can be used to demonstrate risk reduction by tracking successive results as control improves and exposure reduces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of bio-monitoring to assess exposure in the electroplating industry

Beattie

Keen

Coldwell

et al. 2015

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Workers in the electroplating industry are potentially exposed to a range of hazardous substances including nickel and hexavalent chromium (chromium VI) compounds. These can cause serious health effects, including cancer, asthma and dermatitis. This research aimed to investigate whether repeat biological monitoring (BM) over time could drive sustainable improvements in exposure control in the industry. BM was performed on multiple occasions over 3 years, at 53 electroplating companies in Great Britain. Surface and dermal contamination was also measured, and controls were assessed. Air monitoring was undertaken on repeat visits where previous BM results were of concern. There were significant reductions in urinary nickel and chromium levels over the lifetime of this work in the subset of companies where initially, control deficiencies were more significant. Increased risk awareness following provision of direct feedback to individual workers and targeted advice to companies is likely to have contributed to these reductions. This study has shown that exposures to chromium VI and nickel in the electroplating industry occur via a combination of inhalation, dermal and ingestion routes. Surface contamination found in areas such as canteens highlights the potential for transferral from work areas, and the importance of a regular cleaning regime.

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“…Examples include biological monitoring guidance values for sensitisers (isocyanates) and carcinogens (hexavalent chromium, 4,4 0 methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) methylenedianiline and polyaromatic hydrocarbons) (HSE, 2005). This type of control-based guidance value requires fewer data and can be revised as technology and controls improve (Cocker et al, 2009;Keen et al, 2011). This 90th percentile approach may be suitable for the derivation of in-house guidance values and an aid to improving control by targeting action at the highest exposures.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological monitoring guidance values for chemical incidents

2014

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Biological monitoring is a useful tool to assess occupational and environmental exposure following a wide range of chemical incidents. Guidance values are available from international organisations to help interpret the result of biological monitoring. In addition, guidance values based on the 90th percentile of biological monitoring data obtained under conditions of good exposure control may help identify lapses in control and the need for remedial action to improve controls and reduce risk. In all cases interpretation of biomonitoring results following incidents needs care and in particular reference to the time of sample collection and basis of the guidance values. Biomonitoring guidance values specifically derived for chemical incident scenarios are not available but would be of great help to interpret biological monitoring results.

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A follow up study of occupational exposure to 4,4′-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline) (MbOCA) and isocyanates in polyurethane manufacture in the UK

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Exposure to 4,4′-methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) (MbOCA) in New South Wales, Australia

Exposure to 4,4′-methylene bis(2-chloroaniline) (MbOCA) in New South Wales, Australia

The use of bio-monitoring to assess exposure in the electroplating industry

Biological monitoring guidance values for chemical incidents

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