A four-Layer depth of interaction detector block for small animal PET

Tsuda, Tomoaki; Murayama, Hideo; Kitamura, Kazuhiro; Yamaya, Taiga; Yoshida, Eiji; Omura, T.; Kawai, H.; Inadama, Naoko; Orita, N.

doi:10.1109/tns.2004.835739

Cited by 168 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…3a utilizes different reflector arrangements in four layers [35,36]. In the reflector arrangement, four crystals are covered together with a reflector while leaving the space between the four crystals uncovered as an air gap.…”

Section: Requirements For High Timing Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positron emission tomography (PET) detectors with depth-of- interaction (DOI) capability

2011

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Because positron emission tomography (PET) provides biochemical information in vivo with the sensitivity at the sub-pico-molar level, pre-clinical research using PET plays an important role in biological and pharmaceutical sciences. However, small animal imaging by PET has been challenging with respect to spatial resolution and sensitivity due to the small volume of the imaging objects. A DOI-encoding technique allows for pre-clinical PET to simultaneously achieve high spatial resolution and high sensitivity. Thus many DOI-encoding methods have been proposed. In this paper we describe why DOI measurements are important, what is required in DOI-encoding designs, and how to extract DOI information in scintillator-based DOI detectors. Recently, there has been a growing interest in DOI measurements for TOF PET detectors to correct time walk as a function of DOI position. Thus, the DOI-encoding method with a high time performance suitable for TOF detectors is now required. The requirements to improve the time resolution in DOI detectors are discussed as well.Keywords Positron emission tomography (PET), Depth of interaction (DOI), Multi-layer detector, Dual-ended readout, Single-ended readout THE IMPORTANCE OF DOI MEASUREMENT Simultaneous improvement in spatial resolution and sensitivityThe PET is an important pre-clinical imaging technique because PET provides biochemical information down to the sub-pico-molar level in vivo [1]. Thus, the development of pre-clinical PET scanners has been actively promoted. The major focus of the development is to obtain a similar quality in small animal images as human images, while the size of the imaging subject decreases and the amount of radiopharmaceutical injected into the small animals is limitedTo obtain a similar level of detail and SNR in mouse images as human images, spatial resolution and sensitivity should be increased. That is why many PET instrument researchers have been attempting for the pre-clinical PET to simultaneously achieve high spatial resolution and high sensitivity. The pre-clinical PET systems therefore have been designed by using very long and narrow crystals with small diameter ring geometry. However, such system structures cause the parallax error to become lager when providing no depth-of-interaction (DOI) information within crystals (general PETs can measure no DOI information), and bring the degradation of the radial resolution in the peripheral field of view (FOV). That is because the reconstruction algorithm, when drawing a line of response (LOR) without DOI information, usually assigns the interaction positions over all depths within a crystal to a single position (i.e. the center position on the front of the interacted crystals).

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Section: Requirements For High Timing Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positron emission tomography (PET) detectors with depth-of- interaction (DOI) capability

2011

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“…The four-layer encoding was achieved using a combination of Anger-logic and pulse shape discrimination; the upper and lower halves were discriminated by the reflector structure, and each half was a phoswich detector composed of two kinds of GSO crystals doped at the Ce concentrations of 0.5 mol% (decay time, 60 ns) and 1.5 mol% [21,22]. Recently, a new reflector structure was invented and the four-layer encoding was achieved without the pulse shape discrimination [23,24]. The elimination of a phoswich reduces circuit loads and may improve the count rate behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing resolution improvement using DOI information in a four-layer scintillation detector for TOF-PET

Shibuya¹,

Nishikido²,

Tsuda

et al. 2008

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…Fig. 2 shows the principle of crystal identification for the four-layer detector using the light sharing method [15]. This detector is composed of a 8 Â 8 Â 4 crystal block.…”

Section: Design Of Jpet-rdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The jPET-RD with fourlayer DOI detectors can fulfill demands for high sensitivity and uniformity of spatial resolution [14]. In previous studies [15,16], we proposed a four-layer DOI encoding method in which all crystals are represented as a single twodimensional (2-D) position histogram using only the light sharing method. We also demonstrated the possibility of realizing this encoding method with the four-layer DOI detector which consisted of 32 Â 8 Â 4 LYSO crystals [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial resolution evaluation with a pair of two four-layer DOI detectors for small animal PET scanner: jPET-RD

Nishikido¹,

Tsuda

Yoshida³

et al. 2008

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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A four-Layer depth of interaction detector block for small animal PET

Cited by 168 publications

References 12 publications

Positron emission tomography (PET) detectors with depth-of- interaction (DOI) capability

Positron emission tomography (PET) detectors with depth-of- interaction (DOI) capability

Timing resolution improvement using DOI information in a four-layer scintillation detector for TOF-PET

Spatial resolution evaluation with a pair of two four-layer DOI detectors for small animal PET scanner: jPET-RD

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