A Framework for Analyzing and Testing Cyber–Physical Interactions for Smart Grid Applications

Hariri, Mohamad El; Youssef, Tarek; Saleh, Mahmoud; Faddel, Samy; Habib, Hany F.; Mohammed, Osama A.

doi:10.3390/electronics8121455

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A holistic approach for CPPS is needed for a comprehensive analysis of interdependent subsystems. The inclusion of the cyber system model with the power system model is important for the analysis of complex CPPS involving the dynamics of both the systems for reliable power delivery to the critical infrastructure [164]. The individual domain of the CPPS can be modelled and simulated by continuous-time based power system simulation tools and discrete-event based cyber system simulation tools, as listed in Table 5.…”

Section: Software's For Modelling and Simulation Of Cppsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyber-Physical Power System (CPPS): A Review on Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis With Cyber Security Applications

Yohanandhan

Elavarasan²,

Premkumar³

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

235

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Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is a new kind of digital technology that increases its attention across academia, government, and industry sectors and covers a wide range of applications like agriculture, energy, medical, transportation, etc. The traditional power systems with physical equipment as a core element are more integrated with information and communication technology, which evolves into the Cyber-Physical Power System (CPPS). The CPPS consists of a physical system tightly integrated with cyber systems (control, computing, and communication functions) and allows the two-way flows of electricity and information for enabling smart grid technologies. Even though the digital technologies monitoring and controlling the electric power grid more efficiently and reliably, the power grid is vulnerable to cybersecurity risk and involves the complex interdependency between cyber and physical systems. Analyzing and resolving the problems in CPPS needs the modelling methods and systematic investigation of a complex interaction between cyber and physical systems. The conventional way of modelling, simulation, and analysis involves the separation of physical domain and cyber domain, which is not suitable for the modern CPPS. Therefore, an integrated framework needed to analyze the practical scenario of the unification of physical and cyber systems. A comprehensive review of different modelling, simulation, and analysis methods and different types of cyber-attacks, cybersecurity measures for modern CPPS is explored in this paper. A review of different types of cyber-attack detection and mitigation control schemes for the practical power system is presented in this paper. The status of the research in CPPS around the world and a new path for recommendations and research directions for the researchers working in the CPPS are finally presented.

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Section: Software's For Modelling and Simulation Of Cppsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyber-Physical Power System (CPPS): A Review on Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis With Cyber Security Applications

Yohanandhan

Elavarasan²,

Premkumar³

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

235

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[22] propose a multimodal communication model for the systematic integration of multivendor agricultural production systems. [23] presents a cosimulation platform that formalizes the understanding of cyber information flow and the dynamic behavior of physical systems, and captures the interactions between them in smart grid applications. However, as mentioned above, all are cases in specific application domains, the three aspects considered in our proposal have not been brought together in an integrated manner: container technology, microservice concepts, and publish/subscribe functions based on data distribution services (DDS) middleware.…”

Section: Data Distribution Service Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Component-Based Microservices for Flexible and Scalable Automation of Industrial Bioprocesses

et al. 2021

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Industry 4.0 involves the digital transformation of the industry with the integration and digitization of all industrial processes that make up the value chain, which is characterized by adaptability, flexibility, and efficiency to meet the needs of customers in today's market. Therefore, the adaptations of the new bioprocess industry require a lot of flexibility to react quickly and constantly to market changes and to be able to offer more specialized, customized products with high operational efficiency. This paper presents a flexible, scalable, and robust framework based on software components, container technology, microservice concepts, and the publish/subscribe paradigm. This framework allows new components to be added or removed online, without the need for system reconfiguration, while maintaining temporal and functional constraints in industrial automation systems. The main objective of the framework proposed is the use of components based on microservices, allowing easy implementation, scalability, and fast maintenance, without losing or degrading the robustness from previous developments. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed framework was verified in two case studies (1) a soursop soda making process is presented, with a fuzzy controller implemented to keep the pasteurizer output flow constant (UHT) and (2) an automatic storage tank selection and filling process with actuated valves to direct the fluid to the corresponding tank at the time to start the process. The results showed that the platform provided a high-fidelity design, analysis, and testing environment for the flow of cyber information and its effect on the physical operation in a beverage processing plant with high demand for flexibility, scalability, and robustness of its processes, as they were experimentally verified in a real production process.INDEX TERMS Industry 4.0, distributed industrial automation systems, interoperability, middleware, industrial cyber-physical systems.

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“…ICPS is considered an enabling technology for Industry 4.0 [7,8]. Many works about software architectures have drawn attention to the design and implementation of ICPS.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Software Components for Smart Industry Based on Microservices: A Case Study in pH Control Process for the Beverage Industry

et al. 2021

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Modern industries require constant adaptation to new trends. Thus, they seek greater flexibility and agility to cope with disruptions, as well as to solve needs or meet the demand for growth. Therefore, smart industrial applications require a lot of flexibility to be able to react more quickly to continuous market changes, offer more personalized products, increase operational efficiency, and achieve optimum operating points that integrate the entire value chain of a process. This requires the capture of new data that are subsequently processed at different levels of the hierarchy of automation processes, with requirements and technologies according to each level. The result is a new challenge related to the addition of new functionalities in the processes and the interoperability between them. This paper proposes a distributed computational component-based framework that integrates communication, computation, and storage resources and real-time capabilities through container technology, microservices, and the publish/subscribe paradigm, as well as contributing to the development and implementation of industrial automation applications by bridging the gap between generic architectures and physical realizations. The main idea is to enable plug-and-play software components, from predefined components with their interrelationships, to achieve industrial applications without losing or degrading the robustness from previous developments. This paper presents the process of design and implementation with the proposed framework through the implementation of a complex pH control process, ranging from the simulation part to its scaling and implementation to an industrial level, showing the plug-and-play assembly from a definition of components with their relationships to the implementation process with the respective technologies involved. The effectiveness of the proposed framework was experimentally verified in a real production process, showing that the results scaled to an industrial scale comply with the simulated design process. A qualitative comparison with traditional industrial implementations, based on the implementation requirements, was carried out. The implementation was developed in the beverage production plant “Punta Delicia”, located in Colima, Mexico. Finally, the results showed that the platform provided a high-fidelity design, analysis, and testing environment for cyber information flow and their effect on the physical operation of the pH control.

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A Framework for Analyzing and Testing Cyber–Physical Interactions for Smart Grid Applications

Cited by 8 publications

References 13 publications

Cyber-Physical Power System (CPPS): A Review on Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis With Cyber Security Applications

Cyber-Physical Power System (CPPS): A Review on Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis With Cyber Security Applications

Component-Based Microservices for Flexible and Scalable Automation of Industrial Bioprocesses

Software Components for Smart Industry Based on Microservices: A Case Study in pH Control Process for the Beverage Industry

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