A functional interpretation of the role of the reticuloperidium in whole-ascoma dispersal by arthropods

Greif, Matthew; Currah, Randolph S.

doi:10.1017/s0953756202007104

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Ascomata are strikingly similar to those of species of Myxotrichum (Leotiomycetes) which have a similar reticuloperidium (Apinis 1964), even though the two taxa are phylogenetically distant (Sugiyama et al 1999). Greif and Currah (2003) provided evidence supporting the hypothesis that the similar reticuloperidia represent a convergent adaptation that allows attachment to an arthropod carrier through impalement of ascomata on its setae, thereby improving the chances of dispersal of meiospores to appropriate new habitats and substrata.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Bars 5 2.5 mm. quence, the reticuloperidium and ascogenous tissues in each taxon function in a similar manner, at least in vitro (Greif and Currah 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The tendency for the hydrophobic ascospores to adhere together in a relatively large group, thus forming an even larger dispersal unit, would offer still more versatility along with an increase in potency for dissemination (inoculum potential sensu Garrett [1970]). This would be especially effective if the reticuloperidial covering on this large propagule did indeed function as an impalement/attachment device for affixing the reproductive mass to an animal vector (Greif and Currah 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology and development of the reticuloperidial ascomata of Auxarthron conjugatum

Skinner¹,

Tsuneda²,

Currah

2006

Mycologia

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Light and electron microscopy showed that the reticuloperidium of thick-walled hyphae, characteristic of the mature ascoma of Auxarthron conjugaturn, originated from branches that grew from the broad, gyre-like hyphal loops making up the ascomatal initials. Within the developing peridium, short, acropetally proliferating chains of prototunicate asci each arose from a single crozier and matured from base to tip. The walls of young asci were two-layered but evanesced as they matured with the outer layer dissolving before the inner one. Distal asci in some chains retained the inner wall, detached from adjacent asci by septum schizolysis and when transferred to fresh media produced germ tubes and mycelium. Ultraviolet epifluorescent staining with a DNA intercalator (Hoechst) indicated that these spore-like asci probably contained diploid nuclei. In normal asci, ascospores had an inner, electron lucent primary wall and a three-layered secondary wall. The deposition pattern of the middle layer of the secondary wall created the distinctive array of pits and ridges characteristic of the ascospores in this taxon. The production of ascospores, spore-like asci and arthroconidia, along with the tendency of ascospores to adhere in a mass, is interpreted as contributing to the reproductive flexibility and inoculum potential of A. conjugatum. In all respects the ascomata of A. conjugatum differed substantially from the morphologically similar taxon, Myxotrichum arcticum. These findings underscore the benefit of using DNA-based phylogenies in concert with cytological and ultrastructural observations for exploring selective pressures behind homoplasious characters and revealing novel structural features.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Bars 5 2.5 mm. quence, the reticuloperidium and ascogenous tissues in each taxon function in a similar manner, at least in vitro (Greif and Currah 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology and development of the reticuloperidial ascomata of Auxarthron conjugatum

Skinner¹,

Tsuneda²,

Currah

2006

Mycologia

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“…12–15 Their sexual spores are formed within a spiny, cage-like hyphal structure called the reticuloperidium, which is thought to cling to arthropods and other animals to facilitate spore dispersal. 14,16 The fermentation was subsequently scaled up to enable separation and identification of the components responsible for the antifungal activity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Cryptococcus Phenalenones and Cyclic Tetrapeptides from Auxarthron pseudauxarthron

Yue

Jayanetti

et al. 2017

J. Nat. Prod.

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Auxarthrones A–E (1–5), five new phenalenones, and two new naturally occurring cyclic tetrapeptides, auxarthrides A (7) and B (8), were obtained from three different solvent extracts of cultures of the coprophilous fungus Auxarthron pseudauxarthron. Auxarthrones C (3) and E (5) possess an unusual 7a,8-dihydrocyclopenta[a]phenalene-7,9-dione ring system that has not been previously observed in natural products. Formation of 1–5 was found to be dependent on the solvent used for culture extraction. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated primarily by analysis of NMR and MS data. Auxarthrone A (1) was obtained as a mixture of chromatographically inseparable racemic diastereomers (1a and 1b) that cocrystallized, enabling confirmation of their structures by X-ray crystallography. The absolute configurations of 7 and 8 were assigned by analysis of their acid hydrolysates using Marfey’s method. Compound 1 displayed moderate antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans, but did not affect human cancer cell lines.

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“…Fungi that are adapted for such cryptic habitats often exhibit a range of morphological mechanisms that utilize arthropods and other animals for spore dispersal. For example, the Myxotrichaceae (Helotiales), common on decaying wood (Currah, 1985;Lumley et al, 2001), produce burrlike fruiting bodies that are capable of attaching to arthropods (Greif and Currah, 2003). Many species of Ophiostoma, a taxon that occurs in excavated beetle galleries in conifers, produce elongate perithecia that exude ascospores in slimy droplets that adhere to passing arthropods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascoma development and phylogeny of an apothecioid dothideomycete, Catinella olivacea

Greif

Gibas

Tsuneda

et al. 2007

American J of Botany

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Catinella olivacea is a discomycetous fungus often found fruiting within cavities in rotting logs. Because this habitat would lack the air currents upon which discomycete species normally rely for the dispersal of their forcibly ejected ascospores, we suspected an alternative disseminative strategy might be employed by this species. An examination of the development of the discomycetous ascomata in pure culture, on wood blocks, and on agar showed that the epithecium was gelatinous at maturity and entrapped released ascospores in a slimy mass. We interpreted this as an adaptation for ascospore disperal by arthropods. Developmental data also showed that C. olivacea was unusual among other discomycetes in the Helotiales (Leotiomycetes). For example, the ascoma developed from a stromatic mass of meristematically dividing cells and involved the formation of a uniloculate cavity within a structure better considered an ascostroma than an incipient apothecium. Furthermore, the ascus had a prominent ocular chamber and released its ascospores through a broad, bivalvate slit. These features, along with phylogenetic analyses of large subunit and small subunit rDNA, indicated that this unusual apothecial fungus is, surprisingly, more closely affiliated with the Dothideomycetes than the Leotiomycetes.

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A functional interpretation of the role of the reticuloperidium in whole-ascoma dispersal by arthropods

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

Morphology and development of the reticuloperidial ascomata of Auxarthron conjugatum

Morphology and development of the reticuloperidial ascomata of Auxarthron conjugatum

Anti-Cryptococcus Phenalenones and Cyclic Tetrapeptides from Auxarthron pseudauxarthron

Ascoma development and phylogeny of an apothecioid dothideomycete, Catinella olivacea

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