A gene fusion at a homeobox locus: alterations in leaf shape and implications for morphological evolution.

Chen, Ju-Jiun; Janssen, Bart J.; Williams, Andrina; Sinha, Neelima

doi:10.1105/tpc.9.8.1289

Cited by 164 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Among the best studied of these are the MADS-box family of genes that control floral-organ identity (Pnueli et al 1991(Pnueli et al , 1994a and the knotted1-like homeobox (KNOXI) genes that regulate leaf morphogenesis (Avivi et al 2000;Janssen et al 1998;Chen et al 1997;Parnis et al 1997;Hareven et al 1996). Moreover, a large number of loci affecting vegetative and floral morphology have been identified through mutant analysis (Stevens and Rick 1986).…”

Section: Correspondence Of Qtl To Known Mutant Loci In Tomatomentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of the genetic bases of natural variation in tomato leaf, sepal, and petal morphology

2004

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In an effort to better understand the dramatic differences in vegetative and floral morphology that differentiate species within the genus Lycopersicon, quantitative trait loci (QTL) for leaflet and perianth size and shape characters were mapped in an interspecific F2 population of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum x L. pennellii). Thirty-six highly significant (P < or = 0.001) QTL were associated with 18 separate traits. QTL for correlated traits were generally not colocalized in the genome unless there was a clear codependence between the traits (e.g., organ length and area). Little or no overlap in QTL positioning between different organs was observed, suggesting that the genes determining the size and shape of leaflets, sepals, and petals are organ specific. Thus, while leaves are considered the developmental and evolutionary precursors to floral organs, genes acting late in development to determine certain aspects of morphology (namely shape and size) must have specialized to exert control over individual organs. Five of the leaflet-trait QTL map to analogous regions in the genome of eggplant, and therefore it appears there has been some conservation in the genes controlling leaf morphology within the Solanaceae.

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Section: Correspondence Of Qtl To Known Mutant Loci In Tomatomentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of the genetic bases of natural variation in tomato leaf, sepal, and petal morphology

2004

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“…This antagonistic relationship is characteristic of many plants with simple leaves (Waites et al 1998;Byrne et al 2002), but has been shown to break down in plants with compound leaves. In these, ARP and KNOX1 genes are either co-expressed in leaf primordia (Cardamine hirsuta; Hay and Tsiantis 2006) or in the SAM and leaf primordia (Solanum lycopersicum; Hareven et al 1996;Chen et al 1997;Koltai and Bird 2000).…”

Section: Communicated By K Schneitzmentioning

confidence: 99%

A complex case of simple leaves: indeterminate leaves co-express ARP and KNOX1 genes

et al. 2010

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The mutually exclusive relationship between ARP and KNOX1 genes in the shoot apical meristem and leaf primordia in simple leaved plants such as Arabidopsis has been well characterized. Overlapping expression domains of these genes in leaf primordia have been described for many compound leaved plants such as Solanum lycopersicum and Cardamine hirsuta and are regarded as a characteristic of compound leaved plants. Here, we present several datasets illustrating the co-expression of ARP and KNOX1 genes in the shoot apical meristem, leaf primordia, and developing leaves in plants with simple leaves and simple primordia. Streptocarpus plants produce unequal cotyledons due to the continued activity of a basal meristem and produce foliar leaves termed "phyllomorphs" from the groove meristem in the acaulescent species Streptocarpus rexii and leaves from a shoot apical meristem in the caulescent Streptocarpus glandulosissimus. We demonstrate that the simple leaves in both species possess a greatly extended basal meristematic activity that persists over most of the leaf's growth. The area of basal meristem activity coincides with the co-expression domain of ARP and KNOX1 genes. We suggest that the co-expression of ARP and KNOX1 genes is not exclusive to compound leaved plants but is associated with foci of meristematic activity in leaves.

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“…However, repression of knox genes in leaves is not necessarily a prerequisite for proper leaf development as there are exceptions to this rule. In tomato, natural leaf expression of knox genes correlates with leaf dissection (Chen et al 1997). In barley, ectopic knox expression causes no leaf phenotype but flower phenotypes (Mu¨ller et al 1995(Mu¨ller et al , 2001.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation and a conserved intron sequence of liguleless3/4 knox class-I homeobox genes in grasses

Bauer

Lubkowitz

Tyers

et al. 2004

Planta

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The nine class-I maize (Zea mays L.) knox genes are putative transcription factors normally expressed in shoot apices, but not in leaves. knotted1 (kn1) seems to function in shoot apical meristem maintenance, and rough sheath1 (rs1)-like genes may act in internode elongation. The function of liguleless3 (lg3)-type genes is still unknown. Here, we characterized lg3 as well as the two most closely related genes liguleless4a (lg4a, formerly knox11) and liguleless4b (lg4b, formerly knox5). We termed this subclass of knox genes lg3/4 genes. We studied the expression patterns of lg3/4 genes and compared their sequences. We obtained knockout mutants of lg3 by finding Mu transposon insertions into exons. Our results show that lg3 was not essential for plant development, and that lg4a and lg4b were likely to encode the redundant function. In addition, lg4a but not lg4b was ectopically expressed in the Lg4-O mutant, suggesting that this mutant was affected at the lg4a locus. We found that the lg3 gene was unique among knox genes as it was co-induced in the leaves of leaf mutants that ectopically expressed knox genes in the leaves. The leaf phenotype expressed in the dominant Rs1-O mutant was not altered when lg3 function was removed using the knockout. Genomic sequence comparisons of lg3, lg4a and lg4b from maize and the two homologous genes, osh6 and osh71, from rice revealed a 14-bp phylogenetic footprint in intron II. This sequence was conserved in nucleotide composition, position and polarity in the lg3/4 genes of divergent grasses representing six Gramineae subfamilies. In an independent experiment, this same conserved sequence was found in a yeast reverse one-hybrid screen for putative binding sites of the LG3 homeodomain protein. Distribution of this 14-bp sequence was examined within the public rice database. The possible function of this sequence in regulation of lg3/4 genes is discussed.

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A gene fusion at a homeobox locus: alterations in leaf shape and implications for morphological evolution.

Cited by 164 publications

References 38 publications

A comparative study of the genetic bases of natural variation in tomato leaf, sepal, and petal morphology

A comparative study of the genetic bases of natural variation in tomato leaf, sepal, and petal morphology

A complex case of simple leaves: indeterminate leaves co-express ARP and KNOX1 genes

Regulation and a conserved intron sequence of liguleless3/4 knox class-I homeobox genes in grasses

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