A generalized model of the flow distribution in channel networks of planar fuel cells

Kee, Robert J.; Korada, Pavan; Walters, Kevin M.; Pavol, Mark

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(02)00090-3

Cited by 118 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Similar results were reported by Edwards et al [3]. Kee et al [4] proposed a generalized model for flow distribution in planar fuel cells, predicting uniform, parabolic or monotonically increasing flow distributions with channel number as a function of dimensionless module and operating parameters.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Comparison of CFD and one-dimensional Bernoulli solutions of the flow in a plate and frame ultrafiltration module in Z configuration

Dal‐Cin

Darcovich

Bourdoncle

et al. 2006

Journal of Membrane Science

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Comparison of CFD and one-dimensional Bernoulli solutions of the flow in a plate and frame ultrafiltration module in Z configuration AbstractPredictions of flow and pressure distributions in one bank of a plate and frame ultrafiltration module with five channels in parallel operating in a Z configuration were predicted using (1) Bernoulli's equation and a momentum balance in one dimension and (2) a threedimensional field solution (Computational Fluid Dynamics) of the Navier-Stokes equation. CFD solutions were taken as the benchmark and used to refine the 1D model being developed to evaluate flow and pressure distributions for different operating conditions and ultimately different module configurations. The 1D model was able to provide quantitatively accurate flow distribution and qualitatively representative pressure distributions. Flow distributions increased monotonically with increasing channel number, maximum/minimum flow ratios in channels increased from 2 to 6.9 with oil (µ = 0.0361 kg/m/s) as the design cross flow velocity increased from 0.5 to 5 m/s. Pressure distributions were well predicted qualitatively but were typically 40% lower than the CFD solution in the distributor. Key to the accuracy of the 1D model were the implementation of (a) variable contraction co-efficients in the distributor orifice, (b) the 1/7th power law for velocity profiles in the plenums (c) a new approach for combining flows in the collector and (d) assuming only one half of the orifice area was being effectively used by the fluid.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Comparison of CFD and one-dimensional Bernoulli solutions of the flow in a plate and frame ultrafiltration module in Z configuration

Dal‐Cin

Darcovich

Bourdoncle

et al. 2006

Journal of Membrane Science

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“…The fully developed laminar flow solutions of the NavierStokes equations or steady Hagen-Poiseuille analysis can be used for calculation of the pressure losses inside the air and fuel channels [39]. Considering the definition of the hydraulic diameter and related Reynolds number, the mass-flow rate in the channel in relation to the net pressure difference from the channel inlet to the outlet may be calculated as [39]:…”

Section: Pressure Losses In the Sofc Fuel And Air Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the definition of the hydraulic diameter and related Reynolds number, the mass-flow rate in the channel in relation to the net pressure difference from the channel inlet to the outlet may be calculated as [39]:…”

Section: Pressure Losses In the Sofc Fuel And Air Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling and Performance Evaluation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell for Building Integrated Co‐ and Polygeneration

2010

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Models of fuel cell based combined heat and power systems, used in building energy performance simulation codes, are often based on simple black or grey box models. To model a specific device, input data from experiments are often required for calibration. This paper presents an approach for the theoretical derivation of such data. A generic solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system model is described that is specifically developed for the evaluation of building integrated co‐ or polygeneration. First, a detailed computational cell model is developed for a planar SOFC and validated with available numerical and experimental data for intermediate and high temperature SOFCs with internal reforming (IT‐DIR and HT‐DIR). Results of sensitivity analyses on fuel utilisation and air excess ratio are given. Second, the cell model is extended to the stack model, considering stack pressure losses and the radiative heat transfer effect from the stack to the air flow. Third, two system designs based on the IT‐DIR and HT‐DIR SOFCs are modelled. Electric and CHP efficiencies are given for the two systems, as well as performance characteristics, to be used in simulations of building integrated co‐ and polygeneration systems.

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“…An important concern is the net pressure loss, which should be as low as possible to reduce parasitic power needed to operate pumps or compressors. Consequently, a laminar flow regime is found in most of the fuel cells by employing small velocity and cross-sections in the manifolds and ducts (Kee et al (2002)). The appropriate mass flow rate of reactants (fuels and oxidants) is determined by a number of factors, such as the requirement for the electrochemical reaction, proper thermal and water management, and internal fuel reforming reactions (in SOFCs) etc.…”

Section: Frontiers In Heat and Mass Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

On Modeling of Heat and Mass Transfer and Other Transport Phenomena in Fuel Cells

Sundén¹,

Yuan²

2010

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer

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Depending on specific configuration and design, a variety of physical phenomena is present in fuel cells, e.g., multi-component gas flow, energy and mass transfer of chemical species in composite domains and sites. These physical phenomena are strongly affected by chemical/electrochemical reactions in nano-/micro-scale structured electrodes and electrolytes. Due to the electrochemical reactions, generation and consumption of chemical species together with electric current production take place at the active surfaces for all kinds of fuel cells. Furthermore, water management and twophase flow in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and internal reforming reactions of hydrocarbon fuels in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are strongly coupled with the electrochemical reactions and other transport processes to make the physical phenomena even more complicated. For modeling and analysis at the unit-cell and component level typically CFD-based approaches might be appropriate. On the fuel cell stack and system levels, methods like lumped parameter analysis and overall energy/mass balances are more suitable. This paper describes the various kinds of methods for modeling and analysis, and how these can be used as well as their applicability and limitations.

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A generalized model of the flow distribution in channel networks of planar fuel cells

Cited by 118 publications

References 5 publications

Comparison of CFD and one-dimensional Bernoulli solutions of the flow in a plate and frame ultrafiltration module in Z configuration

Comparison of CFD and one-dimensional Bernoulli solutions of the flow in a plate and frame ultrafiltration module in Z configuration

Modelling and Performance Evaluation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell for Building Integrated Co‐ and Polygeneration

On Modeling of Heat and Mass Transfer and Other Transport Phenomena in Fuel Cells

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