A genome‐wide association study for racing performances in Thoroughbreds clarifies a candidate region near the <i>MSTN</i> gene

Tozaki, Teruaki; Miyake, Teruki; Kakoi, Hironaga; Gawahara, Hitoshi; Sugita, Shigeo; Hasegawa, Telhisa; Ishida, Nobushige; Hirota, Kei‐ichi; Nakano, Yasuko

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02095.x

Cited by 72 publications

(93 citation statements)

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“…Evaluation of retrospective racecourse performance, physical growth and stallion progeny performance has demonstrated that C/C and C/T horses are more likely to be physically precocious and enjoy greater racecourse success as 2-year-old racehorses than T/T horses 19,28 . These findings have been subsequently validated in three independent genome-wide association (GWA) studies 18,20,21 in populations of Thoroughbreds originating in Ireland, Great Britain, New Zealand 20 , USA 18 and Japan 21 . The singular, genomic influence on optimum race distance at the MSTN locus in the Thoroughbred is supported by a high heritability for race distance (h 2 = 0.94) 29 .…”

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“…Recently, variation at the MSTN locus has been found to be highly predictive of genetic potential for race distance aptitude in Thoroughbred racehorses [18][19][20][21] and contributes to morphological type in other horse breeds 22 . The MSTN locus is associated with muscle hypertrophy phenotypes in a range of mammalian species [23][24][25][26][27] and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, g.66493737C/T) located in the first intron of the MSTN gene influences speed in the Thoroughbred 19 .…”

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The genetic origin and history of speed in the Thoroughbred racehorse

Bower

McGivney²,

Campana

et al. 2012

Nat Commun

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confidence: 77%

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The genetic origin and history of speed in the Thoroughbred racehorse

Bower

McGivney²,

Campana

et al. 2012

Nat Commun

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“…For example, three noncoding polymorphisms around MSTN have been associated with racing capabilities in elite and common Thoroughbreds: (i) the g66493797T . C SNP at its first intron (Hill et al 2010a,b;Tozaki et al 2010), (ii) the insertion of a 227-bp-long short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) at its promoter (Hill et al 2010a), and (iii) the BIEC2-417495 SNP located 692 kb upstream of MSTN and 30 kb upstream of the glutaminase gene GLS (Binns et al 2010). In elite Thoroughbreds, homozygotes for the g66493797 C allele performed better in short (,1300 m) and fast races, heterozygotes in middle distance races (between 1301 and 1900 m), and homozygotes for the g66493797 T allele in long distance races (Hill et al 2010a,b).…”

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The Evolutionary Origin and Genetic Makeup of Domestic Horses

et al. 2016

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The horse was domesticated only 5.5 KYA, thousands of years after dogs, cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats. The horse nonetheless represents the domestic animal that most impacted human history; providing us with rapid transportation, which has considerably changed the speed and magnitude of the circulation of goods and people, as well as their cultures and diseases. By revolutionizing warfare and agriculture, horses also deeply influenced the politico-economic trajectory of human societies. Reciprocally, human activities have circled back on the recent evolution of the horse, by creating hundreds of domestic breeds through selective programs, while leading all wild populations to near extinction. Despite being tightly associated with humans, several aspects in the evolution of the domestic horse remain controversial. Here, we review recent advances in comparative genomics and paleogenomics that helped advance our understanding of the genetic foundation of domestic horses.

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“…The advances in the genetic infrastructure for the horse has enabled the identification of a genomic region on ECA18 associated with racing performance phenotypes. Four case-control studies, including a candidate gene study [13], a microsatellite-based genome-wide association study [23], and two genome-wide SNP association studies [2,14] have identified the same genomic region on ECA18 as associated with racing performance phenotypes, including optimum race distance. In addition, a recent large-scale cohort study has demonstrated that the genomic region on ECA18 was associated with optimum race distance in Japanese Thoroughbred racehorses [24].…”

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Sequence Variants at the myostatin Gene Locus Influence the Body Composition of Thoroughbred Horses

et al. 2011

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ABSTRACT. Myostatin is a member of the transforming growth factor- family with a key role in inhibition of muscle growth by negative regulation of both myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Recently, a genomic region on ECA18, which includes the MSTN gene, was identified as a candidate region influencing racing performance in Thoroughbreds. In this study, four SNPs on ECA18, g.65809482T>C, g.65868604G>T, g.66493737C>T, and g.66539967A>G, were genotyped in 91 Thoroughbred horses-in-training to evaluate the association between genotype and body composition traits, including body weight, withers height, chest circumference, cannon circumference, and body weight/withers height. Of these, statistically differences in body weight and body weight/withers height were associated with specific genotypes in males. Specifically, body weight/withers height showed statistically significant differences depending on genotype at g.658604G>T, g.66493737C>T, and g.66539967A>G (P<0.01) in males during the training period. Animals with a genotype associated with suitability for short-distance racing, C/C at g.66493737C>T, had the highest value (3.17  0.05 kg·cm -1 ) for body weight/withers height in March, while those with a genotype associated with suitability for long-distance racing, T/T, had the lowest (2.99  0.03 kg·cm -1 ). In females, the trends in the association of body weight/withers height with genotypes were similar to those observed in males. As the SNPs are not believed to be linked to coding variants in MSTN, these results suggest that regulation of MSTN gene expression influences skeletal muscle mass and hence racing performance, particularly optimum race distance, in Thoroughbred horses.KEY WORDS: body composition, myostatin, racing performance, Thoroughbred.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 73(12): 1617-1624 Thoroughbred horses originated from a small number of Arab, Barb, and Turk stallions and native British mares approximately 300 years ago [3,5,12]. Since then, they have been selectively bred to improve speed and stamina, and are consequently superior competitive racehorses. As a result, Thoroughbred horses have a very high skeletal muscle mass comprising over 55% of total body mass [10] ) is also superior to that of other species of similar size [16,17,26]. Such traits have been enhanced by artificial selection for the DNA sequence variants contributing to exceptional racing performance [8].Many significant advances have been made in the horse genome project (http://www.uky.edu/Ag/Horsemap/welcome.html), such as the completion of a high-quality draft horse genome sequence with over 1.1 million identified SNPs [25]. The advances in the genetic infrastructure for the horse has enabled the identification of a genomic region on ECA18 associated with racing performance phenotypes. Four case-control studies, including a candidate gene study [13], a microsatellite-based genome-wide association study [23], and two genome-wide SNP association studies [2,14] have identified the same genomic region on ECA18 as associated with r...

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A genome‐wide association study for racing performances in Thoroughbreds clarifies a candidate region near the MSTN gene

Cited by 72 publications

References 21 publications

The genetic origin and history of speed in the Thoroughbred racehorse

The genetic origin and history of speed in the Thoroughbred racehorse

The Evolutionary Origin and Genetic Makeup of Domestic Horses

Sequence Variants at the myostatin Gene Locus Influence the Body Composition of Thoroughbred Horses

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