A high-performance ammonia-fueled solid oxide fuel cell

Ma, Qianli; Peng, Ranran; Lin, Yen-Yin; Gao, Jianfeng; Meng, Guangyao

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.04.099

Cited by 177 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This will be beneficial for the direct use of ammonia fuel and the construction of simplified generation system. Therefore, much effort has been devoted to enhance the performance of direct ammonia-fuelled SOFCs employing oxide-ion [18][19][20][21] or proton [22][23][24][25][26] conducting electrolytes. * Electrochemical Society Active Member.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrochemical and Catalytic Behaviors of Ni–YSZ Anode for the Direct Utilization of Ammonia Fuel in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Molouk

Okanishi

Muroyama

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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In this study the electrochemical performances of Ni-YSZ anode in humidified H 2 , NH 3 and CH 4 fuels were compared under almost the same partial pressure of oxygen at 500-800 • C. The cell performance was significantly affected by fuel species and operating temperature. The single cell exhibited higher performance in wet NH 3 as compared with that in CH 4 , which was caused by the difference in the catalytic activity of anode for the hydrogen production in wet NH 3 and CH 4 . Thus, it was clarified that NH 3 is a preferable fuel rather than CH 4 for the direct use in SOFCs. Furthermore, the kinetics study on ammonia decomposition over Ni-YSZ anode was conducted at 600 • C. Although the ammonia decomposition increased with increasing ammonia concentration, the decomposition reduced in the presence of hydrogen in the reactant gas. Such a behavior was not confirmed at 850 • C. These results indicated the inhibition effect of hydrogen for ammonia decomposition, which will be the key factor for the design of anode and the operating condition setting. Nowadays one of the most important challenges is producing energy from clean, renewable, durable, efficient and economically feasible sources. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) meet these goals. Variety of fuels can be used without the external reforming process because of high operating temperature of SOFCs. [1][2][3] Hydrogen is an ideal energy carrier and water is the only product of its combustion. For the massive utilization of hydrogen, however, there are still some difficulties in production, transportation, storage, and safety control. 4,5 Therefore, it is important to use hydrogen containing chemicals such as methane, ethanol and ammonia as alternative fuels.Methane has been studied extensively as a fuel for direct internal reforming SOFCs due to higher energy density compared to hydrogen. In SOFCs, Ni-based cermet anodes such as Ni-YSZ are widely used because nickel is a good catalyst for methane steam reforming as well as electrochemical hydrogen oxidation. However, the low tolerance to carbon deposition of Ni-based cermets is the main obstacle for the direct use of methane. In most of cases, the excess amount of steam is added to the fuel gas to prevent the coke formation, leading to the reduction in the energy conversion efficiency. The development of alternative anodes such as copper-based and perovskite-based materials will be a fundamental solution to this matter. 6,7 At the current state, however, the catalytic activity of these anodes for methane steam reforming is not sufficiently high. [8][9][10] The cell performance is also insufficient for the practical application since this catalytic activity significantly affects the hydrogen concentration in the vicinity of anode. 11,12 Recently ammonia was proven as one of the promising hydrogen carriers for SOFCs because of following reasons; high energy density comparable to that of methane, 4 carbon free, ease in liquefaction at ambient temperature, low production cost, and ease in leakage detection. [13][14]...

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confidence: 99%

Electrochemical and Catalytic Behaviors of Ni–YSZ Anode for the Direct Utilization of Ammonia Fuel in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Molouk

Okanishi

Muroyama

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…The calculated PO 2 is 6.43×10 4 and 6.45×10 4 Pa at 973 and 1073 K, respectively. These values are enough to explain the high PO 2 (a) for experiments (1) and (4) in Fig.…”

Section: Diffusion Of Oxide Ionsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Thermal decomposition of ammonia over nickel/gadolinium-doped ceria cermet

Matsumoto

Hirata

Sameshima

et al. 2008

J. Ceram. Soc. Japan

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A biogas, which contains 60 of methane, 40 of carbon dioxide and a small amount of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, is a possible fuel of solid oxide fuel cell. Thermal decomposition of 1000 ppm NH 3 in Ar gas was measured over Ni (30 vol)/ Ce 0.8 Gd 0.2 O 1.9 (GDC) electrode attached to dense GDC electrolyte at 673-1073 K. Pyrolysis of NH 3 started above 773 K and reached 94 at 1073 K. Although N 2 gas was detected in the exhaust gas, H 2 gas was not measured. Furthermore, the oxygen partial pressure of the outlet gas was high. These results are discussed with the properties of GDC mixed conductor (oxide ions and electrons).

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“…673-1273K), SOFCs have a few advantages: (1) use of low cost catalyst (i.e. Ni as anode) due to fast electrochemical reaction rate; (2) relatively low activation loss compared with low temperature fuel cells; (3) potential for combined heat and power (CHP) cogeneration as the waste heat from the SOFC stack is of high quality and can be recovered; (4) fuel flexibility -high working temperature enables direct internal reforming of hydrocarbon fuels or thermal decomposition of ammonia, thus SOFCs can make use of alternative fuels, including hydrogen, methane, coal gas, bio-ethanol, ammonia, dimethyl ether (DME), and other hydrocarbon fuels [2][3][4][5][6][7]. The fuel flexibility feature makes SOFCs unique compared with low temperature fuel cells, such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), which require very pure hydrogen as fuel [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%