A highly selective gas sensor based on the WO₃/WS₂ van der Waals heterojunction for the 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES) sensing application

Abstract

A highly selective gas sensor based on the WO3/WS2 van der Waals heterojunction for 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES) was successfully realized.

Enhancement of CO gas sensing performance by Mn-doped porous ZnSnO3 microspheres

“…It significantly affects the adsorption–desorption phenomenon and reaction kinetics of the target gas with oxygen molecules on the sensor surface by improvising the activation energy in the sensing material. 33 Therefore, investigations were done to test the sensing performance of Zn 1− x Mn x SnO 3 samples by exposing to 500 ppm CO gas at various altered operating temperatures of 50–300 °C. Fig.…”

High-performance metal-oxide gas sensors based on hierarchical core–shell ZnFe2O4 microspheres for detecting 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide

“…Because the composition and chemical structure of less toxic and less hazardous 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES) are similar to those of mustard gas, it is frequently used as a mustard gas simulant. 7…”

“…The optimal working temperature for detecting 10 ppm DMMP was 350 °C, and the response time was 26.2 s. 23 A ZnO thick-film sensor fabricated by Patil et al 24 exhibited an optimal operating temperature of 400 °C and a sensitivity of 3 in response to 2 ppm 2-CEES. Fan et al 7 prepared a WO 3 /WS 2 composite structure using a solvothermal method, and its response sensitivity to 5.7 ppm 2-CEES was 81% at an optimal operating temperature of 240 °C. Unfortunately, single metal oxides generally exhibit low sensitivity, selectivity and stability.…”

“…Because the composition and chemical structure of less toxic and less hazardous 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulde (2-CEES) are similar to those of mustard gas, it is frequently used as a mustard gas simulant. 7 Current techniques for detecting chemical agents and their simulants include ion mobility spectroscopy, 8 mass spectrometry, 9 laser telemetry, 10 infrared telemetry, 11 surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, 12 surface acoustic wave sensors, 13 and metal-oxide semiconductors (MOS). 14 Among these techniques, MOS gas sensors have been extensively studied and applied owing to their low fabrication cost, convenient operation, compatibility with silicon technology, and miniaturization capability.…”

A 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES) gas sensor based on a WO3/graphite nanocomposite with high selectivity and fast response-recovery properties

“…Studies have shown that when the human body is exposed to an atmosphere of dichlorodiethyl sulfide, it can cause local damage to the skin, eyes, respiratory tract and other parts, and even in low concentrations of dichlorodiethyl sulfide, it will cause death. 3,4 Therefore, effectively detecting low concentrations of dichlorodiethyl sulfide has great importance in both environmental protection and human healthcare. At present, the detection of dichlorodiethyl sulfide mainly adopts ion migration spectrometry, mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, micro-cantilever sensors, surface acoustic wave sensors, quartz-crystal microbalance sensors (QCMs), and fluorescence detection kits.…”