A hybrid bacterium with tumor-associated macrophage polarization for enhanced photothermal-immunotherapy

Predatory bacterial hydrogels for topical treatment of infected wounds

“…F4/80 as a major macrophage marker indicates the maturation and activation of macrophages 59 , 60 , 61 . The massive proliferation and infiltration of macrophages are induced by wound infections and the activated macrophages could improve the production of excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to tissue injuries 62 .…”

Harnessing Engineered Immune Cells and Bacteria as Drug Carriers for Cancer Immunotherapy

“…The hybrid bacteria exhibited an enhanced immune effect and great tumor inhibition in orthotopic breast cancer via Bifidobacterium bifidum-mediated TAM repolarization and QD PTT efficacyinduced ICD. 248 Xie et al loaded 5-fluorouracil and macrophage phenotype regulator zoledronic acid (ZOL) into EcN via electroporation and further decorated Au nanorods on their surface (EcN Z/F @Au) (Figure 8e). They identified that the bacterial hybrid could release the loaded agents upon Au nanorod-mediated PTT effect, then the ZOL could reverse TAM into the M1 phenotype, achieving a synergistic chemo/ photo/immunotherapy for breast cancer.…”

“…Zhao et al also used electrostatic interaction to load Ag 2 S quantum dots (QDs) on the Bifidobacterium bifidum (B.b@QDs) (Figure d). The hybrid bacteria exhibited an enhanced immune effect and great tumor inhibition in orthotopic breast cancer via Bifidobacterium bifidum-mediated TAM repolarization and QD PTT efficacy-induced ICD . Xie et al loaded 5-fluorouracil and macrophage phenotype regulator zoledronic acid (ZOL) into EcN via electroporation and further decorated Au nanorods on their surface (EcN Z/F @Au) (Figure e).…”

“…(d) Schematic illustration of the B.b@QDs preparation. Reprinted with permission from ref . Copyright 2022 Elsevier.…”

Editorial of Special Column on A New Era of Nanobiomaterial-based Drug Delivery

“…To address the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and the heterogeneity of the tumor cells, Zhou et al. 12 reported a hybrid bacterium with tumor targeting and penetration, TAM polarization and photothermal conversion capabilities for improving antitumor immunotherapy. The hybrid bacteria with hypoxia targeting ability can effectively accumulate and penetrate the tumor tissues, polarized TAM into M1 phenotype to reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.…”