A hybrid triazine‐imine core‐shell magnetic covalent organic polymer for analysis of pesticides in fruit samples by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

A novel hybrid triazine‐imine core‐shell magnetic covalent organic polymer with high adsorption capacity and excellent stability was fabricated by surface‐assisted in situ growth technique. The composite possesses porous and extended π‐conjugated system, and was applied as the magnetic sorbent for efficient enrichment and rapid separation of pesticides. A new analytical method for simultaneous determination of eight pesticides in fruit samples was developed by magnetic solid phase extraction combined with ultra high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The effect of extraction time, desorption time, and the type of desorption solvent on the extraction efficiency were evaluated. The established method shows good repeatability and high sensitivity. The repeatability of this method was estimated with relative standard deviations in the range of 0.7–7.0% (n = 5) for the same batch, and 1.7–10% (n = 3) for batch to batch. Good linearity for eight pesticides was obtained with coefficient of determination in the range of 0.9942–0.9990. Limit of detections ranged from 0.4 to 1.2 ng/L. Real sample determination showed that four and two pesticides were detected in strawberry and grape, respectively. The results demonstrated that the established method was efficient, sensitive, and convenient for trace determination of pesticides in fruit samples.

Covalent organic frameworks as multifunctional materials for chemical detection

“…Fourth, COFs are usually made of light elements, such as H, B, C, N, and O, which endow them with processability and feasibility to be integrated with the silica or metal fiber substrate in solid-phase microextraction or to form membranes. 350 COFs have been utilized as absorbents in dispersive microsolid-phase extraction, MSPE, and solid-phase microextraction for the detection of industrial chemicals, 351–376 pesticides and insecticides, 377–382 chemical warfare agents, 24 ions, 383 drug molecules, 384–390 and biomolecules 391,392 in safety inspection of water and food, environmental monitoring, and analysis of biological mixtures. In most cases, the detection is performed by coupling solid-phase extraction with HPLC, GC, MS, or chromatography–mass spectrometry combinations to enable quantitative analysis.…”

“…The high adsorption capacity and good selectivity are usually from π-stacking and hydrophobic interactions between pesticides and COFs. 377–382 For example, Li and coworkers developed an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of pesticides in fruit samples by magnetic solid-phase extraction combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. 382 A composite made of triazine-imine COF TRI-TER grown on amino-functionalized Fe 3 O 4 was applied as the magnetic sorbent for efficient enrichment and rapid separation of pesticides.…”

“…377–382 For example, Li and coworkers developed an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of pesticides in fruit samples by magnetic solid-phase extraction combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. 382 A composite made of triazine-imine COF TRI-TER grown on amino-functionalized Fe 3 O 4 was applied as the magnetic sorbent for efficient enrichment and rapid separation of pesticides. LODs ranging from 0.4 to 1.2 ng L −1 were achieved for eight pesticides which can meet the requirement for ultra-trace analysis of pesticides.…”

Analytical methods to analyze pesticides and herbicides

“…A hybrid triazine–imine core–shell magnetic covalent organic polymer was developed by Liang, Peng, Hu, and Li (2019) for determination of pesticides with UHPLC coupled with tandem MS (UHPLC‐MS/MS). The new polymer was stable with high adsorption capacity.…”

Fabrication of glucose‐derived carbon‐decorated magnetic microspheres for extraction of bisphenols from water and tea drinks

“…Numerous functionalized magnetic nanomaterials have been designed and applied in MSPE. Among the different nanomaterials used as MSPE adsorbents, core–shell magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are gaining attention due to their excellent mechanical, chemical, and thermal stability .…”