A importância do desporto de alto rendimento na inclusão social dos cegos: Um estudo centrado no Instituto Benjamin Constant - Brasil

Abstract

RESUMOA população de pessoas deficientes vem crescendo a cada dia, gerando problemáticas sociais que interferem diretamente na qualidade de vida deste segmento. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi investigar o esporte de alto rendimento como contribuição para inclusão social de atletas cegos do Instituto Benjamin Constant. Observou-se que os alunos egressos do Instituto, até duas décadas atrás, não davam prosseguimento aos seus estudos, embora gozassem de oportunidade igualitária e constitucional como cidadão brasileiro. Foram entrevistados dez atletas cegos egressos do Instituto, que estudaram entre 1994 e 1998, tendo na época da pesquisa a condição de atletas de alto rendimento e ao mesmo tempo cidadãos, que trabalham, estudam e são independentes. A pesquisa utilizou o método qualitativo, empregando como instrumento de investigação a entrevista semi-estruturada (Flick, 2005;Ruquoy, 2005). Para tratamento dos dados utilizou-se a técnica de "Análise de Conteúdo" (Minayo, Deslandes, Neto, & Gomes, 2002). Os resultados foram organizados em torno de três categorias: a importância do esporte, orientação e mobilidade, e a vida antes e depois de ser atleta. A pesquisa concluiu que o esporte de alto rendimento contribuiu para a inclusão social de todos os entrevistados. Seus depoimentos responsabilizam o esporte como fator primordial para realização de parte de seus ideais, sugerindo esta prática em todas as instituições de ensino especial. Palavras-chave: cegos, esporte, inclusão social ABSTRACTThe population of disabled people is growing each day, producing social problems that interfere straightly in the capacity of life of this segment. The objective of this inquiry was to investigate the high performance sport as a contribution for social inclusion of blind athletes of the Benjamin Constant Institute. It was observed that the previous students of the Institute, up to two decades before, did not proceed in their studies, although they had egalitarian and constitutional opportunity as a Brazilian citizen. Ten blind athletes, previous students of the Institute from 1994 to 1998, were interviewed. They had, at the time of the research, the high performance athletes' condition and were at the same time citizens, who work, study and are independent. The inquiry used the qualitative method, employing the semi-structured interview as the instrument of investigation (Flick, 2005;Ruquoy, 2005). The "Content Analysis" technique was used to treat the data (Minayo et al., 2002). The results were organized around three categories: the importance of the sport, orientation and mobility, and life before and after being an athlete. The inquiry concluded that high performance sport contributed to the social inclusion of all the interviewed ones. His testimonies hold the sport responsible as a primordial factor for realization of part of his ideals, suggesting this practice in all the institutions of special teaching.

Quality of life of Brazilian wheelchair tennis athletes across competitive and elite levels

“…The perceived QoL of athletes with disabilities have been studied in the field of adapted physical activity for many years. Overall, results reveal the positive impact of adapted sports in the QoL perception of these athletes 10,12,29 . However, the research-base is underdeveloped on the QoL of elite athletes with disabilities who participate in the high-performance setting.…”

The Effect of Sports on Perceived Quality of Life of People with Visual Disability

“…Although physical fitness is not a facet on physical health domain, which lists facets as mobility, sleep and rest, work capacity, and energy and fatigue, it is known that benefits of physical activity and sports regular practice can work as moderator on general health status 32 . Furthermore, athletes with visual disability of high-performance sports related improvements on their mobility and spatial orientation after their engagement into the sport routine training 21 . People with disabilities generally are less healthy compared to people without disabilities, thus, the physical activity engagement by people with disabilities may be more valuable for their quality of life in relation to people without disabilities, once it provides physiological, emotional, cognitive and social benefits to those individuals 33 .…”

Do athletes with physical disabilities perceive their quality of life similarly when involved in different Paralympic Sports?

“…Among the various possibilities of such activities, adapted sports has been shown to be an effective alternative, considering the social, physical, and psychological contributions usually reported by the participants 3,4 . These benefits have been manifested through the enhancement of functional capacity, development of relationships, and increased self-esteem 5,6 . In addition, adapted sports was pointed out in the scientific literature due to the contribution for a positive quality of life (QoL) perception among athletes with physical disabilities 4,6,7 .…”

“…These benefits have been manifested through the enhancement of functional capacity, development of relationships, and increased self-esteem 5,6 . In addition, adapted sports was pointed out in the scientific literature due to the contribution for a positive quality of life (QoL) perception among athletes with physical disabilities 4,6,7 .…”