A Kinetic Study of Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol over Titania–Silica Mixed Oxide Materials under UV Illumination

Abstract

A set of titania–silica mixed oxide materials were prepared by a cosolvent-induced gelation method using ethanol and toluene as solvent and cosolvent, respectively. These materials were extensively characterized by utilizing several characterization techniques and assessed for phenol degradation under UV illumination. The degradation of phenol follows first-order kinetics, and fragmented products formed during the phenol degradation were qualitatively identified by using high performance liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) and atomic pressure chemical ionization mass spectroscopic (APCI-MS) techniques. The complete mineralization of phenol was further evidenced by the measurement of the total organic contents that remained in the solution after irradiation. The pore diameter of the materials was found to be the key factor for phenol degradation, whereas surface area and pore volume play a role among the mixed oxide materials. In addition, in the mixed oxide system there was an inverse correlation obtained with the particle size of the materials and the degradation efficiency. The smaller particle size of titania in the mixed oxide material was found to be a requirement for an effective degradation of phenol.

A Facile Synthesis of Photocatalytic Fe(OH)3 Nanoparticles for Degradation of Phenol

“…In this study, it can be seen that phenol degradation follows first‐order kinetics, [29] as illustrated in the normalized concentration plot (Figure 8A) and the kinetic plot (Figure 8B), where the concentration of phenol at time t is denoted as C and the initial concentration is noted as C 0 . Figure 8A displays a decay curve when the reactant concentration is plotted on the y‐axis against time on the x‐axis.…”

“…At initial degradation stage, phenol is degradated into intermediate products such as catechol and orto-benzoquinone in the presence of Fe(OH)3 catalyst upon exposure of UV-C. At second stage with an increase in radiation time, intermediate products are mineralized into carbon dioxide and water. [29][30][31][32][33][34] In this study, it can be seen that phenol degradation follows first-order kinetics, [29] as illustrated in the normalized concentration plot (Figure 8A) and the kinetic plot (Figure 8B), where the concentration of phenol at time t is denoted as C and the initial concentration is noted as C 0 . Figure 8A displays a decay curve when the reactant concentration is plotted on the y-axis against time on the x-axis.…”

“…At initial degradation stage, phenol is degradated into intermediate products such as catechol and orto‐benzoquinone in the presence of Fe(OH)3 catalyst upon exposure of UV‐C. At second stage with an increase in radiation time, intermediate products are mineralized into carbon dioxide and water [29–34] …”

Activator effect on sawdust-based adsorbent efficiency: application to organic pollutants decontamination

“…Hydroxybenzene recovery from the aquatic environment is a mandatory requirement in order to safeguard the life of humans through possible contamination of this pollutant [KHAIRUL ANWAR 2011] prior to its final discharge into water bodies. Several methods have been developed and efficiently used to treat Hydroxybenzene-contaminated effluent such as Photocatalytic degradation [ALAA et al, 2020;SHIVATHARSINY;KOODALI, 2022], Ozonation [GHAISANI et al, 2019], biological [PRADEEP et al, 2015;KUKADIYA 2016], Adsorption [TERMOUL et al, 2006;DOUARA, et al 2006;Galdino, et al, 2021 Among these methods, adsorption using different solid supports such as activated carbons, biochars, clays and zeolites, is widely used nowadays, for the removal of a wide range of pollutants. By being economical adsorbents for many industrial applications, activated carbons with a high surface area and well developed pore structure are very useful and efficient in trapping all kinds of pollutants from wastewater.…”

Adsorption of phenol on activated carbon obtained from date palm branches

“…Однако фенол рассматривается как приоритетный загрязнитель с высокой токсичностью даже при низких концентрациях. Агентство по охране окружающей среды США (EPA) установило предельное значение фенола в воде для обеспечения здоровья человека на уровне 0,5 мг/л для предотвращения возможных вредных последствий при употреблении воды или загрязненных растений и продуктов животноводства [3]. Согласно законодательству Российской Федерации, максимально допустимая концентрация фенола в воде водных объектов составляет 0,001 мг/л 1 .…”