A Large‐Area Patterned Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework Electrochromic Film and Device

Feng, Jifei; Luo, Yi; Wang, Xinyi; Wang, Zhuanpei; Cao, Rong

doi:10.1002/smll.202304691

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In addition, the Ni-BPE-1 film exhibits a larger optical modulation (80%) with a shorter coloration time of 7.9 s in comparison with that of Ni-BPY films, indicating that the sample with a larger pore possesses more EC active sites. The above results suggested the important effect of the pore structure in MOFs for improving the EC performance …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The above results suggested the important effect of the pore structure in MOFs for improving the EC performance. 36 To gain insight into the EC mechanism of Ni-BPY MOFs, in situ potential-dependent Raman spectra of the Ni-BPY film were measured (Figure 3a). When applied with the potential of 0.7 V vs Ag + /Ag, two bands at 551.4 and 469.4 cm −1 assigned to the Ni−O vibrations of Ni 3+ species can be clearly observed, accompanied by the color change of the film from transparent into black-brown (colored state).…”

Section: = ( )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transparent-to-Brown-Black Patterned Electrochromic Metal–Organic Frameworks

Feng,

Wang,

Luo

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit promising electrochromic (EC) performance owing to their porous structure, regular channel, and tunable component characteristics. However, few reports focus on MOF materials with the EC performance of a transparent to brown-black (neutral colored state) change that is more suitable for smart windows. In this work, we proposed a strategy for synthesizing MOF (named Ni-BPY) EC materials and corresponding films fabricated via a low-cost electrostatic spray deposition technique. The obtained film exhibits excellent EC performance with a neutral color change from transparent to brown-black, a large optical modulation of 70% at 430 nm, and a fast response within 10 s. Benefiting from good electrical and chemical stability, the Ni-BPY film can be cycled over 500 times. Notably, the Ni-BPY MOF film also delivers a stepwise-controlled process during the bleached state due to its porous characteristics. In addition, the unique color variation of the Ni-BPY film derives from the redox reaction of the Ni metal node between Ni 2+ and Ni 3+ , which is verified by the in situ potential-dependent Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement. As a proof of application, the patterned Ni-BPY EC films and devices are additionally constructed to demonstrate their potential application in electronic tags and logo displays.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: = ( )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transparent-to-Brown-Black Patterned Electrochromic Metal–Organic Frameworks

Feng,

Wang,

Luo

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Encouraged by their easy preparation, uniform thin-film growth, and well-separated electrochemical and spectral features, the isoreticular MOFs were further evaluated for practical electrochromic applications. An important parameter in this context is the coloration efficiency (η, also known as electrochromic efficiency), which is a measure of the difference in absorptivity of two states, normalized to the charge that was required to induce the change. − Coloration efficiencies for all processes in the isoreticular MOF series were determined using the following eq : η = normalΔ normalO normalD Q where ΔOD is the change in optical density (between colored and bleached state) and Q is the corresponding charge density (C cm –2 ) used to induce the change in redox state (more details in the SI). Most notably, the η of the Zn-PDI film reaches 941 ± 35 cm 2 C –1 at 746 nm (Figure a), which to the best of our knowledge, is a record-high value reported in MOFs (see Table S3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochromism in Isoreticular Metal–Organic Framework Thin Films with Record High Coloration Efficiency

Kumar,

Li,

Inge

et al. 2023

ACS Nano

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The power of isoreticular chemistry has been widely exploited to engineer metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with fascinating molecular sieving and storage properties but is underexplored for designing MOFs with tunable optoelectronic properties. Herein, three dipyrazole-terminated XDIs (X = PM (pyromellitic), N (naphthalene), or P (perylene); DI = diimide) with different lengths and electronic properties are prepared and employed as linkers for the construction of an isoreticular series of Zn-XDI MOFs with distinct electrochromism. The MOFs are grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) as high-quality crystalline thin films and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Due to the constituting electronically isolated XDI linkers, each member of the isoreticular thin film series exhibits two reversible one-electron redox events, each at a distinct electrochemical potential. The orientation of the MOFs as thin films as well as their isoreticular nature results in identical cation-coupled electron hopping transport rates in all three materials, as demonstrated by comparable apparent electron diffusion coefficients, D e app. Upon electrochemical reduction to either the [XDI]•– or [XDI]2– state, each MOF undergoes characteristic changes in its optical properties as a function of linker length and redox state of the linker. Operando spectroelectrochemistry measurements reveal that Zn-PDI@FTO (PDI = perylene diimide) thin films exhibit a record high coloration efficiency of 941 cm2 C–1 at 746 nm, which is attributed to the maximized Faradaic transformations at each electronically isolated PDI unit. The electrochromic response of the thin film is retained to more than 99% over 100 reduction–oxidation cycles, demonstrating the applicability of the presented materials.

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Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks as an Appealing Platform for Luminescent Sensing

Xiong,

Xiang,

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), a novel subclass of porous crystalline materials self‐assembled from organic linkers through hydrogen bonding and other intermolecular interactions, have emerged as an exciting platform for developing multifunctional materials. Recently, luminescent HOF sensors have drawn considerable attention due to their unique advantages, such as hydrogen‐bonding flexibility, inherent luminescent centers in organic linkers, ease of functionalization, low density and toxicity, and good stability. However, a comprehensive study on the design strategies, functionalities, and applications of HOFs in sensing is lacking. In this review, the uniqueness and development of luminescent sensing HOFs are outlined. The design principles and strategies to enable the sensing performance are summarized, including the pre‐design of luminescent organic linkers and post‐modification with additional luminescent species. The state‐of‐the‐art advances in diverse sensing applications are overviewed, such as the detection of chemical pollutants, biomolecules, gases, and physical factors like temperature and mechanical forces. Moreover, the current challenges and corresponding potential avenues are discussed. This review aims to inspire more innovative research on the fabrication of advanced HOFs for luminescent sensing functions.

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A Large‐Area Patterned Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Framework Electrochromic Film and Device

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Transparent-to-Brown-Black Patterned Electrochromic Metal–Organic Frameworks

Transparent-to-Brown-Black Patterned Electrochromic Metal–Organic Frameworks

Electrochromism in Isoreticular Metal–Organic Framework Thin Films with Record High Coloration Efficiency

Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic Frameworks as an Appealing Platform for Luminescent Sensing

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