A literature research about particle emissions from engines with direct gasoline injection and the potential to reduce these emissions

Überall, Annegret; Otte, Roderich; Eilts, Peter; Krahl, Jürgen

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2015.01.012

Cited by 71 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This problem is exacerbated in cold climates, where diesel engines are run at low load for long periods of time to prevent freezing of the fuel and where cold intake air further reduces flame temperature and leads to greater PAH production [27,28]. Because PAHs are semi-volatile, they may condense on surfaces within the engine and lead to engine failure through 'wetstacking' [24,25,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation in a diesel engine fueled with diesel, biodiesel and biodiesel/n-butanol blends

Yılmaz

Davis

2016

Fuel

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation in a diesel engine fueled with diesel, biodiesel and biodiesel/n-butanol blends

Yılmaz

Davis

2016

Fuel

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…This was consistent with previous studies that suggested that the existence of an aromatic ring occurs in the early stage of the fundamental particulate formation process. Moreover, heavy aromatics such as hydrocarbon C9, C10 and C11 should have a high boiling point and more DBE [20,24,25]. This was also proven by the distribution curve in Figure 5.…”

Section: Particulate Mass and Particulate Number Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Effects of the Particulate Matter Index and Particulate Evaluation Index of the Primary Reference Fuel on Particulate Emissions from Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicles

Zhao

Shouxin

et al. 2019

Atmosphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the range of particulate mass (PM) and particulate number (PN) results from gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicles by using four test fuels with a range of particulate matter index (PMI) from 1.38 to 2.39 and particulate evaluation index (PEI) from 0.89 to 1.92. The properties of four test fuels were analyzed with detailed hydrocarbon analysis (DHA). Two passenger cars with a GDI engine were tested with four test fuels by conducting the China 6 test procedure, which is equivalent to the worldwide harmonized light-duty vehicle test procedure (WLTP). When the fuels could meet the China 6 primary reference fuel standard with PMI from 1.38 to 2.04 and PEI from 0.89 to 1.59, the PM variation of Vehicle B was from 1.94 mg/km to 3.32 mg/km and of Vehicle A was from 2.55 mg/km to 4.15 mg/km, respectively. In addition, the PN variation of Vehicle B was from 1.57 × 1012 #/km to 3.38 × 1012 #/km and of Vehicle A was from 3.02 × 1012 #/km to 4.80 × 1012 #/km. It was noted that the two different cars had a unique response and sensitivity by using the different fuels, but PMI and PEI did trend with both the PM and the PN response. All PM and PN results from the two cars had an excellent correlation R2 > 0.94 with PMI and R2 > 0.90 with PEI. Therefore, PMI/PEI would be the appropriate specification for sooting tendency in reference fuel standards of emission regulations.

show abstract

“…Particulate formation in the combustion chamber is a complex mix of chemical and physical processes (pyrolysis, nucleation, oxidation, piston wetting, carbonisation, particle coagulation and agglomeration) [15,[27][28][29]. Pyrolysis is the primary contributor of particle formation in the combustion chamber.…”

Section: Formation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primary particles grow into larger particles because of surface growth reaction of Acetylene (C2H2), organic compound addition, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), and hydrogen abstraction acetylene addition (HACA) mechanisms with 'growth species' such as PAHs and C2H2. Growth of the larger particles occurs as a result of the collision between smaller particles forming non-spherical shape agglomerates [15,30]. A proposed chemical mechanism for the initial formation of aromatic species during combustion is shown in Scheme 1.…”

Section: Formation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impact of fuel composition, including the effect of certain common oxygenate components (ethanol, methanol, and isobutanol), on PM emissions and PM reduction technologies for GDI engines are also reviewed. Limited review work on GDI PM emissions has been conducted previously other than a review by Überall et al [15] and one by Myung and Park, [16] which cover a wide range of topics, including the effect of particulate emissions on health, PM measurement techniques, PM chemical analysis and fuel influences. This review paper provides a comprehensive report on recent progress in GDI PM number emissions research and PM number reduction techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Review of Particulate Number (PN) Emissions from Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engines and Their Control Techniques

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Particulate Matter (PM) emissions from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, particularly Particle Number (PN) emissions, have been studied intensively in both academia and industry because of the adverse effects of ultrafine PM emissions on human health and other environmental concerns. GDI engines are known to emit a higher number of PN emissions (on an engine-out basis) than Port Fuel Injection (PFI) engines, due to the reduced mixture homogeneity in GDI engines. Euro 6 emission standards have been introduced in Europe (and similarly in China) to limit PN emissions from GDI engines. This article summarises the current state of research in GDI PN emissions (engine-out) including a discussion of PN formation, and the characteristics of PN emissions from GDI engines. The effect of key GDI engine operating parameters is analysed, including air-fuel ratio, ignition and injection timing, injection pressure, and EGR; in addition the effect of fuel composition on particulate emissions is explored, including the effect of oxygenate components such as ethanol.

show abstract

A literature research about particle emissions from engines with direct gasoline injection and the potential to reduce these emissions

Cited by 71 publications

References 44 publications

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation in a diesel engine fueled with diesel, biodiesel and biodiesel/n-butanol blends

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) formation in a diesel engine fueled with diesel, biodiesel and biodiesel/n-butanol blends

Effects of the Particulate Matter Index and Particulate Evaluation Index of the Primary Reference Fuel on Particulate Emissions from Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicles

A Review of Particulate Number (PN) Emissions from Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) Engines and Their Control Techniques

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About