A longitudinal variation of electron drift velocity in the equatorial electrojet

Balsley, B. B.

doi:10.1029/ja075i022p04291

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A comparison between the upper and the lower panels reveals that the echo power is always higher in the westward beam than in the eastward beam at all local times and seasons. This east-west asymmetry in power is consistent with the first observation of such asymmetry reported for Jicamarca by Balsley (1970). We have calculated the west-to-east power ratio to be of the order of four around the peak heights of the EEJ, but precise values will be given in a separate analysis of the EJP and EJT in an ensuing work.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Seasonal characterization of the equatorial electrojet height rise over Brazil as observed by the RESCO 50MHz back-scatter radar

Denardini

Abdu

Paula

et al. 2005

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Seasonal characterization of the equatorial electrojet height rise over Brazil as observed by the RESCO 50MHz back-scatter radar

Denardini

Abdu

Paula

et al. 2005

Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics

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“…The asymmetry of the vertically propagating type I waves (observation 3 listed •above) has been recognized for some time [e.g., Cohen and Bowles, 1967;Fejer et al, 1976] but has remained a puzzle. Balsley [1970] argued that the vertical currents were too small to have much effect. Since the asymmetry reverses from day to night, it is not likely to be associated with the height dependence of the ionospheric parameters.…”

Section: The Vertical Electron Velocities Associated With the Primarymentioning

confidence: 89%

Radar observations of two‐dimensional turbulence in the equatorial electrojet, 3. Nighttime observations of Type 1 waves

Farley¹,

Fejer²,

Balsley³

1978

J. Geophys. Res.

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The large vertically directed 50‐MHz radar at Jicamarca has sufficient sensitivity to study nighttime echoes from the equatorial electrojet in detail with good resolution. Here we concentrate on type 1 (‘two‐stream’) echoes. We find that (1) these echoes sometimes dominate the spectrum (which is never the case in daytime for a vertically directed radar), (2) they are observed over a much wider range of altitudes than they are during daytime, (3) they show an asymmetry which reverses from day to night (downgoing waves are more common at night), (4) the magnitude of the mean Doppler shift appears to increase somewhat with altitude, and (5) there is evidence of large‐scale (kilometers) structure as well as intermediate (tens or hundreds of meters) and small (the wavelengths of meters or less which are directly responsible for radar echoes). We describe a model which qualitatively accounts for all the important characteristics of the observations. Long and intermediate waves with roughly horizontal k are initially unstable, and a complicated two‐dimensional energy cascade process develops, with energy transfers probably going in both directions in k space. The asymmetry in the echoes can be explained if either the density depletions at the intermediate wavelengths are stronger than the enhancements or the positive density gradients are steeper than the negative.

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“…Likewise, stronger echoes are observed along westward zenith than eastward zeniths. This is also well known and has been termed the "east-west" asymmetry (Bowles et al, 1963;Cohen and Bowles, 1967;Balsley, 1970;Crochet et al, 1976;Fejer et al, 1976;Farley et al, 1978;Tsunoda and Ecklund, 2002;Patra et al, 2005). While the east-west asymmetry was once attributed to local geography, it is now known to be universal (Swartz, 1997).…”

Section: Amisr Prototypementioning

confidence: 98%

Combined radar observations of equatorial electrojet irregularities at Jicamarca

et al. 2007

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Abstract. Daytime equatorial electrojet plasma irregularities were investigated using five distinct radar diagnostics at Jicamarca including range-time-intensity (RTI) mapping, Faraday rotation, radar imaging, oblique scattering, and multiplefrequency scattering using the new AMISR prototype UHF radar. Data suggest the existence of plasma density striations separated by 3-5 km and propagating slowly downward. The striations may be caused by neutral atmospheric turbulence, and a possible scenario for their formation is discussed. The Doppler shifts of type 1 echoes observed at VHF and UHF frequencies are compared and interpreted in light of a model of Farley Buneman waves based on kinetic ions and fluid electrons with thermal effects included. Finally, the up-down and east-west asymmetries evident in the radar observations are described and quantified.

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A longitudinal variation of electron drift velocity in the equatorial electrojet

Cited by 26 publications

References 11 publications

Seasonal characterization of the equatorial electrojet height rise over Brazil as observed by the RESCO 50MHz back-scatter radar

Seasonal characterization of the equatorial electrojet height rise over Brazil as observed by the RESCO 50MHz back-scatter radar

Radar observations of two‐dimensional turbulence in the equatorial electrojet, 3. Nighttime observations of Type 1 waves

Combined radar observations of equatorial electrojet irregularities at Jicamarca

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