The deformation of a thick-walled cylinder under pressure is a classic elastic mechanics problem with various engineering applications. In this study, the displacement of a viscoelastic thick-walled cylinder under internal pressure is investigated via analytical as well as numerical modelling. The fractional Maxwell model is initially introduced to describe the creep deformation of high-strength Q460 steel. Subsequently, an analytical solution to the creep deformation of the thick-walled cylinder under both internal and external pressures is deduced with the corresponding principle. The analytical solution is examined with a numerical simulation that incorporates the fractional Maxwell model by a user-defined subroutine. The numerical simulation agrees well with the analytical solution. The limitations of the current study are also discussed.