A Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian) seed cone provides the earliest fossil record for <i>Picea</i> (Pinaceae)

Klymiuk, Ashley A.; Stockey, Ruth A.

doi:10.3732/ajb.1100568

Cited by 52 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…The flora includes lycophytes, equisetophytes, several fern families (Smith et al 2003;Hernandez-Castillo et al 2006;Little et al 2006aLittle et al , 2006bRothwell and Stockey 2006;Stockey et al 2006;Vavrek et al 2006;Rothwell et al 2014), as well as numerous gymnosperms (Stockey and Wiebe 2008;Stockey and Rothwell 2009;Klymiuk and Stockey 2012;Rothwell and Stockey 2013;Rothwell et al 2014;Atkinson et al 2014aAtkinson et al , 2014bRay et al 2014), fungi (Smith et al 2004;Bronson et al 2013), a lichen (Matsunaga et al 2013), and numerous bryophytes ).…”

Section: Locality and Floramentioning

confidence: 99%

The Early Cretaceous Apple Bay flora of Vancouver Island: a hotspot of fossil bryophyte diversity

Tomescu

2016

Botany

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Abstract:The pre-Cenozoic bryophyte fossil record is significantly sparser than that of vascular plants or Cenozoic bryophytes. This situation has been traditionally attributed to a hypothesized low preservation potential of the plants. However, instances of excellent pre-Cenozoic bryophyte preservation and the results of experiments simulating fossilization contradict this traditional interpretation, suggesting that bryophytes have good preservation potential. Studies of an anatomically preserved Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) plant fossil assemblage on Vancouver Island (British Columbia), at Apple Bay, focusing on the cryptogamic flora, have revealed an abundant bryophyte component. The Apple Bay flora hosts one of the most diverse bryophyte assemblages worldwide, with at least nine distinct moss types (polytrichaceous, leucobryaceous, tricostate), one complex thalloid liverwort, and two other thalloid plants (representing bryophyte or pteridophyte gametophytes), which contribute a significant fraction of biodiversity to the pre-Cenozoic fossil record of bryophytes. These results (i) corroborate previous observations and studies, indicating that the preservation potential of bryophytes is much better than traditionally thought; (ii) indicate that the bryophyte fossil record is incompletely explored and many more bryophyte fossils are hidden in the rock record, awaiting discovery; and (iii) suggest that the paucity of the pre-Cenozoic bryophyte fossil record is primarily a reflection of inadequate paleobryological capacity.Key words: fossil, bryophyte, moss, Cretaceous, anatomy, permineralized.Résumé : Le registre des bryophytes fossiles du pré-Cénozoïque est significativement plus mince que celui de plantes vasculaires ou de bryophytes du Cénozoïque. Cette situation a été traditionnellement attribuée à un hypothétique faible potentiel de préservation de ces plantes. Cependant, des exemples d'une excellente préservation de bryophytes du pré-Cénozoïque et les résultats d'expériences simulant la fossilisation contredisent cette interprétation traditionnelle, suggérant que les bryophytes ont un bon potentiel de préservation. Des études d'un assemblage de plantes fossiles anatomiquement préservées du Crétacé inférieur sur l'Ile de Vancouver (Colombie Britannique), à Apple Bay, se concentrant sur la flore cryptogame, ont révélé une composante importante de bryophytes. La flore d'Apple Bay comporte un des assemblages de bryophytes les plus diversifiés dans le monde, avec au moins neuf types distincts de mousses (Polytrichacées, Leucobryacées, mousses tricostées), une hépatique thalloïde complexe et deux autres plantes thalloïdes (représentant des gamétophytes de bryophyte ou de ptéridophyte), qui contribuent à une fraction significative de la biodiversité du registre des bryophytes fossiles du pré-Cénozoïque. Ces résultats (i) corroborent les observations et les études antérieures indiquant que le potentiel de préservation des bryophytes est beaucoup meilleur qu'initialement présumé; (ii) indiquent que le registre de...

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Section: Locality and Floramentioning

confidence: 99%

The Early Cretaceous Apple Bay flora of Vancouver Island: a hotspot of fossil bryophyte diversity

Tomescu

2016

Botany

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“…Much of our understanding of the early evolution and diversity of the family is based on isolated permineralized seed cones from the Cretaceous and Paleogene of Eurasia and North America (reviewed by Miller 1976;Klymiuk et al 2012;Smith et al 2016). These cones are structurally diverse and thought to include both representatives of modern genera and extinct lineages (Miller 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early Cretaceous seed cones attributed to Picea A. Dietr. and Pinus L. arguably represent the oldest records for extant genera (Alvin 1960;Klymiuk and Stockey 2012;. Pinus arnoldii Klymiuk, Stockey et Rothwell from the Eocene of British Columbia is the only extinct species of Pinaceae with a morphological concept based on a whole-plant reconstruction (Klymiuk et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetics of extant and fossil Pinaceae: methods for increasing topological stability

Gernandt

Holman

Campbell

et al. 2016

Botany

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Abstract:Relationships of living and fossil Pinaceae were inferred using parsimony and Bayesian inference of morphological characters and plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. When considering extant taxa only, adding molecular to morphological characters resulted in markedly increased resolution and branch support compared with analysis of morphology alone. Including 45 fossil taxa resulted in drastically decreased resolution in morphology-based consensus trees. We evaluated the effect on branch support and resolution of including DNA sequences, deleting fossils lacking information for cone scale apices and seeds, using reduced consensus methods, and using implied weighting, and found that the greatest improvements were found by including DNA sequences and using implied weighting. The tree topologies from parsimony and Bayesian inference confirm previous findings that the fossil genus Pseudoaraucaria and a few species of Pityostrobus from the Lower Cretaceous are related to abietoid genera, and that other species of Pityostrobus are pinoid and closely related to Pinus. Focusing phylogenetic analyses on the most complete fossil cones, specifically those that are anatomically preserved and include both cone scale apices and seeds, and taking into account homoplasy, resulted in the clearest hypotheses for the timing and sequence of diversification in the family.Key words: fossil, morphology, phylogenetics, Pinaceae, PHYP.Résumé : Les relations qui existent entre les Pinaceae vivants et fossiles ont été déduites par la parcimonie et l'inférence Bayésienne des traits morphologiques et des séquences d'ADN plastidique et nucléaire. En considérant les taxons encore existants seulement, l'ajout de traits moléculaires aux traits morphologiques résultait en un accroissement marqué de la résolution et du support des branches comparativement à l'analyse de la morphologie seule. L'inclusion de 45 taxons fossiles résultait en une résolution fortement diminuée dans les arbres consensuels basés sur la morphologie. Les auteurs ont évalué l'effet d'inclure les séquences d'ADN sur le support des branches et la résolution, en supprimant les fossiles pour lesquels l'information sur les apex des écailles des cônes et des graines était manquante, en utilisant des méthodes de consensus réduites, et en utilisant une pondération implicite, et ils ont trouvé que les plus grandes améliorations étaient obtenues en incluant les séquences d'ADN et en utilisant la pondération implicite. Les topologies des arbres à partir de la parcimonie et de l'inférence Bayési-enne confirment les résultats précédents voulant que les fossiles du genre Pseudoaraucaria et quelques espèces de Pityostrobus du Crétacée inférieur soient apparentés au genre abiétoïde et que les autres espèces de Pityostrobus soient pinoïdes et étroitement apparentées aux Pinus. En concentrant les analyses phylogénétiques sur les cônes fossiles les plus complets, spécifiquement ceux qui sont anatomiquement préservés et qui comprennent les apex des écailles des cônes et les graines, et e...

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“…Paleobotanical studies indicated that Picea would differentiate during middle Jurassic (Zackos et al 2001) and a fossil of P. burtonii was discovered from Early Cretaceous (136 Ma) (Klymiuk and Stockey 2012). In the late Miocene (10-5 Ma) species dispersed over North Hemisphere and species differentiation was presented by molecule data (Lockwood et al 2013).…”

Section: Comparative Analysis Of Cma-banded Karyotype Among Picea Taxamentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome banding in <i>Picea</i> IV. Comparative karyotype analysis of fluorescent band patterns in 25 taxa

Hizume¹

2017

Chromosome Botany

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ABSTRACT:In 25 taxa of Picea the somatic chromosomes were analyzed by a fluorescent banding technique using chromomycin A 3 (CMA) and DAPI. They had 2n=24 chromosome number and similar karyotypes among species. On metaphase chromosomes in each taxon the CMA-bands appeared at the interstitial and centromeric regions. DAPI-bands appeared on chromosomes of some species. The CMA-band pattern of each taxon was described after identification of most homologous chromosomes and compared among taxa. An alignment of species based on CMA-band pattern with some exception were coincident on their geographic distribution, and discussed on interspecific relationships, comparison to molecular phylogeny and DNA sequences corresponding to fluorescent bands.

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A Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian) seed cone provides the earliest fossil record for Picea (Pinaceae)

Abstract: As an early member of the extant genus Picea, this seed cone extends the fossil record of Picea to the Valanginian Stage of the Early Cretaceous, ca. 136 Ma, thereby resolving a ghost lineage predicted by molecular divergence analyses, and offers new insight into the evolution of Pinaceae.

Cited by 52 publications

References 105 publications

The Early Cretaceous Apple Bay flora of Vancouver Island: a hotspot of fossil bryophyte diversity

The Early Cretaceous Apple Bay flora of Vancouver Island: a hotspot of fossil bryophyte diversity

Phylogenetics of extant and fossil Pinaceae: methods for increasing topological stability

Chromosome banding in <i>Picea</i> IV. Comparative karyotype analysis of fluorescent band patterns in 25 taxa

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