A Lumped-Element Wideband 3-dB Quadrature Hybrid

Kazan, Oguz; Memioglu, Onur; Koçer, Fatih; Gündel, Adnan; Toker, C.

doi:10.1109/lmwc.2019.2911648

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The control of ripples in the operating range improved the overall defects in capacitance, whereas conductive patches and slits are used to control the coupling phase and bandwidth 136 . Meanwhile, a hybrid branch‐line coupler consists of four sections of equal lengths of the transmission line sections with two distinct and different identical L‐sections and open arms is proposed in Reference 17. To achieve a wide bandwidth for the 90 ° hybrid 3‐dB coupler, the lumped element technique was used 137 .…”

Section: Wideband Hybrid Couplersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Block diagram for a hybrid coupler (A) 3 dB quadrature hybrid coupler 56 . (B) Hybrid branch‐line coupler 17 . (C) Hybrid branch‐line coupler with substrate integrated gap waveguide (SIGW) 57 …”

Section: Wideband Hybrid Couplersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A T‐shaped design can be used with transmission lines, resulting in a size reduction of up to 55% 16 . Also, multilayered topologies, 17 meander lines, 18 and multi‐section branch line couplers 19 can be used. Other examples include the use of short, high impedance transmission with shunt lumped capacitors and lines; two‐step stubs with high and low impedance; stub lines with stepped impedance; synthetic transmission lines; capacitors distributed inside the area of the branch‐line coupler; and microstrip lines with discontinuities in the branch‐line hybrid coupler 20,21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of hybrid couplers: State‐of‐the‐art, applications, design issues and challenges

Abdulbari

Rahim

Soh

et al. 2021

Int J Numerical Modelling

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In recent years, the hybrid branch‐line coupler has attracted much attention due to its appealing features such as of low cost and ease in fabrication for wireless communications. The fifth‐generation cellular networks promise to support several wireless technologies by capitalizing a multitude of frequencies and increase data rates. To achieve that, the butler matrix technique can be used to enhance both bandwidth and data rate with the implementation of beamforming. Conventional hybrid couplers are the main component to build a butler matrix, but they are generally bulky in size and narrow in bandwidth. Moreover, requirements imposed by newer wireless technologies makes the efforts in improving size compactness and bandwidth even more challenging. On the other hand, several techniques have been proposed in literature to solve both issues. This study focuses on the design challenges and issues of hybrid coupler designs and technologies, besides underlining their promising potential. In this context, several techniques for hybrid coupler to achieve the required bandwidth and size reduction are highlighted, such as the T‐shape, meander line, two sections, three‐section, and parallel couple lines.

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Section: Wideband Hybrid Couplersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wideband Hybrid Couplersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of hybrid couplers: State‐of‐the‐art, applications, design issues and challenges

Abdulbari

Rahim

Soh

et al. 2021

Int J Numerical Modelling

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show abstract

“…Many techniques have been proposed to overcome these issues such as using cascading [5] and a T-shaped transmission line, which reduces the size by 55% [6]. The regular microstrip BLC is replaced with a lumped circuit, made from two open stubs by a series of transmission line (TL) [7], and it reduces the size of BLC to 55.2% with a fractional bandwidth of 56% based on the lumped element method, fractal geometry [8], three-section branch-line hybrid [9], a multilayer [10], a meander line [11], and a dual-band branch-line coupler [12]. Various techniques have been employed to miniaturize the size of the microwave component (s), to reduce the BLC size and to increase the bandwidth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New design of wideband microstrip branch line coupler using T-shape and open stub for 5G application

Abdulbari

Rahim

Aziz

et al. 2021

IJECE

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A new design of wideband branch-line coupler (BLC) using T-shape with open stub microstrip line is proposed. The branch line coupler is integrated with low and high impedance λ/4 transmission lines to achieve the comparatively compact size of (27.2 mm × 16.5 mm). operating the bandwidth in simulated of BLC from 2.9 to 4 GHz is obtained 30.22% with a frequency center of 3.5 GHz. Meanwhile, the measured bandwidth of the BLC is cover from 2.8 GHz to 4.22 GHz is equal 33.40% at the center frequency 3.55 GHz respectively. The BLC simulated has low isolation and high return loss of -29.28 dB and -30.69 dB at the center frequency 3.5 GHz.Whereas, the measured result has a simple difference in the return loss and isolation are -27.43dB and -24.46 dB at the frequency 3.55GHz respectively. This BLC design has a good coupling factor of -2.97 and insertion loss of -3.65 dB. Furthermore, it obtains an excellent amplitude and phases different between two output of ±0.1 and 93.6°±3.4° with high performance. There is a good agreement between the simulated result and the measured result. This branch line coupler design used for 5G applications for future wireless communication systems.

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“…Since size reduction is the main purpose, bandwidth improvement is ignored in References 17–20. To satisfy wide bandwidth and small size, one group of LC element is used as the junction of a four‐port network and combined with the lumped element lattice type balun 21 . Although a bandwidth of 50% is obtained, the return loss is poor, and the circuit is complicated by introducing the balun.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact wideband and harmonic suppressed quadrature coupler using susceptance loaded coupled lines

Liu

Guan

Zhang

et al. 2021

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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In the paper, a novel type of quadrature coupler with the features of wideband, arbitrary harmonic suppression and small size is proposed, for the first time, by employing susceptance loaded coupled lines. Design equations are derived using the even-odd mode decomposition analysis. The discussions on arbitrary couplings and harmonic suppressions are also investigated. For demonstration, a prototype with a second harmonic suppression was fabricated and measured. The overall size is 0.19λ g Â 0.27λ g , which is smaller than most of the reported wideband quadrature couplers. Measurement results show that the fractional bandwidth of 40% is obtained under the condition of 15-dB return loss/isolation, 1-dB amplitude imbalance, and 90 AE 5 phase difference. The proposed coupler can be a good candidate for wideband applications without using the multi-cascading and complex miniaturization method.

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A Lumped-Element Wideband 3-dB Quadrature Hybrid

Cited by 12 publications

References 9 publications

A review of hybrid couplers: State‐of‐the‐art, applications, design issues and challenges

A review of hybrid couplers: State‐of‐the‐art, applications, design issues and challenges

New design of wideband microstrip branch line coupler using T-shape and open stub for 5G application

Compact wideband and harmonic suppressed quadrature coupler using susceptance loaded coupled lines

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