New design of wideband microstrip branch line coupler using T-shape and open stub for 5G application

Abdulbari, Ali Abdulateef; Rahim, Sharul Kamal Abdul; Aziz, Mohamad Zoinol Abidin Abd; Tan, Kim Geok; Noordin, Nor Kamariah; Nor, M. Z. M.

doi:10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1346-1355

Cited by 13 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Design methods sometimes include calculating the transfer matrix and extracting the necessary information from it (Salehi and Noori, 2014;Rezaei, Noori and Hosseini, 2018;Abouelnaga and Mohra, 2017;Nie, et al, 2019;Khan, Mehdi and Zhao, 2019;Kim and Kong, 2010;Smolarz, Wincza and Gruszczynski, 2020(. In some cases, the LC equivalent circuit of a small part of the couplers is presented and analyzed (Chi, et al, 2012;Rezaei, Noori and Hosseini, 2018;Sun, et al, 2005;Lai and Ma, 2013;Lalbakhsh, et al, 2021;Noori and Rezaei, 2018;Roshani, et al, 2022;Abdulbari, et al, 2021;Chiu, et al, 2014;Liou, et al, 2009). Furthermore, even and odd modes have been analyzed for some symmetrical structures in (Abouelnaga and Mohra, 2017;Arriola, Lee and Kim, 2021;Tang, Tseng and Hsu, 2014;Sun, et al, 2019).…”

Section: Branch-line Ring and Rat-race Couplersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, several rectangular loops (multi-section) have been integrated in series to create several TPs in the bandpass in (Tang, Tseng and Hsu, 2014), but it occupies a large area. To reach a novel structure, the conventional rectangle arms are carved in (Abdulbari, et al, 2021). For suppressing the harmonics up to the 14 th , a new ring coupler is introduced in (Zhang and Zhang, 2019) which is a precious achievement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comprehensive Review on Microstrip Couplers

Rezaei

Yahya²,

Noori³

2023

ARO

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In this work, several types of microstrip couplers are investigated in terms of structure, performance and design methods. These planar 4-ports passive devices transmit a signal through two different channels. Designers' competition has always been in miniaturizing and improving performance of couplers. Some couplers have been offered with a novel structure, which is a special feature. A high-performance coupler should have high isolation and low losses at both channels. The channels are usually overlapped so that the common port return loss in these channels should be low. Among the couplers, those with balanced amplitude and phase are more popular. The popular mathematical analysis methods are even/odd mode analysis, extracting the information from the ABCD matrix and analyzing the equivalent LC circuit of a simple resonator. According to the phase shift value, couplers are classified as 90º and correct multiples of 90º, where a microstrip 0º coupler can be used as a power divider. Some couplers have filtering and harmonic elimination features that are superior to other couplers. However, few designers paid attention to suppressing the harmonics. If the operating frequency is set in according to the type of application, the coupler becomes particularly valuable.ABCD Matrix

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Section: Branch-line Ring and Rat-race Couplersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Microstrip Couplers

Rezaei

Yahya²,

Noori³

2023

ARO

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“…As in figure 1, a conventional BLC was designed using the TL theoretical study results detailed in [10]. By adjusting the frequency center to 3.5 GHz and employing of the properties of the material employed, namely FR-4 (𝜀𝜀𝜀𝜀 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 =4.4, h=1.6 mm and tan(δ)= 0.025), all conventional BLC dimensions are obtained and listed in table1.…”

Section: Conventional Branch-line Couplermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, high performance, small size, and inexpensive are frequently the strict conditions that must be emphasized in meeting the conditions of ultramodern wireless communication devices (7). Various approaches are used to overcome these problems and to minimize the coupler implementation, as for examples, in [8], the minimization of the size is obtained using quasi-lumped elements, a periodic capacitive load and a lumped circuit, consisting of two stubs opened with a series of transmission lines (TL ) [9], T-shaped structures [10] [11], slow wave lines [12], fractal structures [13], high-resistance lines [14], interdigitated capacitors [15], artificial transmission lines [16], the use of cascading [17], a multilayer [18], a meandering line [19], low-pass filters and planar cells [20] [21] [22] and a radial stub [23].In this paper, by combining two miniaturization methods, the compact design of the microstrip coupler is explored and further size reduction is achieved. The proposed coupler layout is adapted for operation with a center frequency of 3.5 GHz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A compact microstrip coupler using T-shape and open stubs for fifth generation applications

2022

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The paper presents a new design of a compact branch-line coupler (BLC) operating at 3.5 GHz, that is suitable for 5G applications. In order to miniaturize the proposed coupler, two miniaturization methods are combined where a T-shaped structure is used instead of quarter wavelengths parallels, as well as open stubs are introduced into the series lines resulting in a size reduction of 52.56% with 25.05% fractional bandwidth (FBW). The frequency responses indicate that the presented coupler is able to operate at 3.04 GHz to 3.91 GHz with a low return loss and high isolation that is improved to -28.9 and -31.1 dB in 3.5 GHz, insertion loss and coupling of -3.6 dB and -3.5 dB, respectively, and a phase difference of about 90°±1°. The strong agreement of measurement and simulation results indicated the suitability of this proposed design for 5G microwave integrated circuits (ICs) that require a small size.

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“…Thereby, the dimensions of the BLC are primarily based on the operating frequency, and thus in low frequencies, the BLC extends over a large area of the host device board and hence leads to an increased size [ 4 ]. Another inherent issue with a conventional BLC is the limited bandwidth characteristics of no more than 50% that restrict their applications and require a large multi-sections circuit to gain wideband characteristics, which in turn increase the circuit’s area [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Compact Broadband Quasi-Twisted Branch Line Coupler Based on a Double-Layered Microstrip Line

Ahmed,

Saad,

Khamas

2024

Micromachines

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A novel quasi-twisted miniaturized wideband branch line coupler (BLC) is proposed. The design is based on bisecting the conventional microstrip line BLC transversely and folding bisected sections on double-layered substrates with a common ground plane in between. The input and output terminals, each with a length of λg/4, and the pair of quarter-wavelength horizontal parallel arms are converted into a Z-shaped meandered microstrip line in the designed structure. Conversely, the pair of quarter-wavelength vertical arms are halved into two lines and transformed into a periodically loaded slow-wave structure. The bisected parts of the BLC are placed on the opposite side of the doubled-layer substrate and connected through four vias passing through the common ground plane. This technique enabled a compact BLC size of 6.4 × 18 mm2, which corresponds to a surface area miniaturization by ~50% as compared to the classical BLC size of 10 × 23 mm2 at 6 GHz. Moreover, the attained relative bandwidth is 73.9% (4.6–10 GHz) for S11, S33, S21, and the phase difference between outputs (∠S21 − ∠S41). However, if a coupling parameter (S41) of up to −7.5 dB is considered, then the relative bandwidth reduces to 53.9% (4.6–10 GHz) for port 1 as the input. Similarly, for port 3 as the input, the obtained bandwidth is 75.8% (4.5–10 GHz) for S33, S11, S43, and the phase difference between outputs (∠S43 − ∠S23). Likewise, this bandwidth reduces to 56% (4.5–8 GHz) when a coupling parameter (S23) of up to −7.5 dB is considered. In contrast, the relative bandwidth for the ordinary BLC is 41% at the same resonant frequency. The circuit is constructed on a double-layered low-cost FR4 substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.3 and a loss tangent of 0.025. An isolation of −13 dB was realized in both S13 and S31 demonstrating an excellent performance. The transmission coefficients between input/output ports S21, S41, S23, and S43 are between −3.1 dB to −3.5 dB at a frequency of 6 GHz. Finally, the proposed BLC provides phase differences between output ports of 90.5° and 94.8° at a frequency of 6 GHz when the input ports 1 and 3 are excited, respectively. The presented design offers the potential of being utilized as a unit cell for building a Butler matrix (BM) for sub-6 GHz 5G beamforming networks.

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New design of wideband microstrip branch line coupler using T-shape and open stub for 5G application

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

A Comprehensive Review on Microstrip Couplers

A Comprehensive Review on Microstrip Couplers

A compact microstrip coupler using T-shape and open stubs for fifth generation applications

A Novel Compact Broadband Quasi-Twisted Branch Line Coupler Based on a Double-Layered Microstrip Line

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