A meta-analysis of the effects of Vitamin E supplementation on the incidence of retained foetal membranes in dairy cows

Bourne, N.; Laven, Richard; Wathes, D C; Martinez, Teresa A.; McGowan, M. R.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.08.015

Cited by 42 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Allison and Laven (2000) suggested that vitamin E-selenium interactions may be the critical factor in determining the effectiveness of vitamin E. They suggested that in dairy herds with a history of selenium deficiency and a high incidence of RFM, supplementation of dairy cows with vitamin E combined with that of selenium can reduce the incidence of RFM. Bourne et al (2007) performed a meta-analysis to consolidate the results of studies that have evaluated the effect of vitamin E supplementation during the dry period on the incidence of RFM. The multivariable analysis demonstrated that, overall, vitamin E supplementation was associated with a decrease in the incidence of RFM.…”

Section: Mastitis -The Indirect Evidence (Immunity Studies)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reevaluation of vitamin E supplementation of dairy cows: bioavailability, animal health and milk quality

Politis

2012

Animal

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Although vitamin E has been known as an essential nutrient for almost 80 years, we are far from a complete understanding of all the aspects related to bioavailability and its effects on health and milk quality in dairy cows. Vitamin E is a generic descriptor for two families of lipid-soluble compounds, the tocopherols and the tocotrienols, of which a-tocopherol has the highest biological activity. Commercially available a-tocopherol supplements for dairy cows contain either the natural RRR form or the synthetic (all-rac) form, which contains all the eight possible stereoisomers (four possessing the 2R and four possessing the 2S configuration) in equimolar amounts. Recent data clearly suggest that an almost complete discrimination against the 2S isomers occurs in dairy cows. Thus, 1 g of the all-rac form is essentially equivalent to 0.5 g of the RRR form. With respect to the effect of vitamin E supplementation of dairy cows on health and milk quality, the majority of published studies suggests that vitamin E supplementation at the level 1000 to 4000 IU/cow per day during the dry period reduces both the frequency of intramammary infection and that of clinical mastitis and improves milk quality, as shown by a reduction in the levels of somatic cell count (SCC)/ml in milk, decreased plasmin activity and increased oxidative stability of milk. However, a recent study from the Netherlands suggested that vitamin E supplementation at the 3000 IU/cow per day level during the dry period when combined with high levels of plasma vitamin E at dry-off (.14.5 mmol/l) increases the incidence of mastitis. Data from previously unpublished survey studies and those from published vitamin E feeding trials, in which high levels of blood vitamin E were observed, were reanalyzed. All farms selected for the analysis implemented oral administration of vitamin E at the 3000 IU/cow per day level throughout or during the late dry period (4 weeks before the expected day of parturition). Dairy cows were divided into three groups, depending on blood a-tocopherol levels at dry-off: high (.6.25 mg/ml), medium (between 6.25 and 4.25 mg/ml) and low (,4.25 mg/ml). Data indicate that there were no differences in the incidence of mastitis and in the level of SCC/ml of milk between the three groups. Thus, supplementation of 3000 IU vitamin E/cow per day in the late dry period remains recommended because it is generally associated with decreased risk of mastitis. Conditional or opposite effects have not been repeated and require further research before changing recommendations for vitamin E supplementation.

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Section: Mastitis -The Indirect Evidence (Immunity Studies)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reevaluation of vitamin E supplementation of dairy cows: bioavailability, animal health and milk quality

Politis

2012

Animal

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“…Supplementing vitamin E in the pre partum period improves the antioxidant status, decreases inflammatory cytokine production, the incidence and severity of clinical mastitis. Supplemental vitamin E may improves liver function in transition cows and it is also effective at preventing retained placenta (Bourne et al 2007). Weiss et al (1990) found that the plasma vitamin E values were influenced by the stage of lactation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in dairy cows during prepartal and postpartal periods

et al. 2015

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the indicators of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde [MDA]) and antioxidant status (ferric reducing ability of plasma [FRAP]; superoxide dismutase [SOD]; glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px]; selenium [Se]; vitamin E) in dairy cows of the Slovak Pied cattle from 3 weeks before parturition to 9 weeks after parturition. The mean MDA concentration was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in the cows 1 week after calving compared to the cows 3, 6, and 9 weeks after calving. The lowest mean FRAP value was found in the cows 3 weeks after parturition. The SOD activities were increased during the whole monitored time (ANOVA, P < 0.001). A significant (P < 0.05) decrease of GSH-Px activities was recorded in the cows 1 week after calving compared to the weeks 6 and 9 after calving. Statistical multiple comparison test showed no significant changes in Se between the examined groups. The lowest mean vitamin E concentration was found in the first week after parturition. Significantly positive correlations (P < 0.05) were recorded between Se and vitamin E (r = 0.897), SOD and GSH-Px (r = 0.903), while Se and GSH-Px had no significantly positive correlation (r = 0.520). Significant changes between MDA and indicators of oxidative stress (SOD, GSH-Px, vitamin E) confirm that during parturition and onset of lactation, oxidative stress occurs in dairy cows. Exposure of peripartal cows to oxidative stress may cause an increased incidence of metabolic diseases.

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“…Some, but not all, studies have reported that supplementing the diet with bcarotene around this time improves fertility and reduces markers of uterine inflammation (Kaewlamun et al 2011;Kawashima et al 2012). Concentrations of vitamin E, another fat-soluble vitamin with antioxidant properties, may also be inadequate around calving, with a meta-analysis showing that vitamin E supplementation could reduce the risk of retained fetal membranes (Bourne et al 2007).…”

Section: Mitochondria and Oxidative Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between lipid metabolism and fertility in the dairy cow

Wathes

Clempson

Pollott

2013

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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Abstract. Dairy cows mobilise body tissues to support milk production and, because glucose supplies are limited, lipids are used preferentially for energy production. Lipogenic activity is switched off and lipolytic mechanisms in adipose tissue increase through changes in the expression of several key enzymes. This results in a loss of body condition, together with high circulating concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids. Changes in the synthesis, secretion and signalling pathways of somatotrophic hormones (insulin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1) and adipokines (e.g. leptin) are central to the regulation of these processes. A high reliance on fatty acids as an energy source in the peripartum period causes oxidative damage to mitochondria in metabolically active tissues, including the liver and reproductive tract. The expression of genes involved in insulin resistance (PDK4, AHSG) is increased, together with expression of TIEG1, a transcription factor that can induce apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Polymorphisms in TFAM and UCP2, two autosomal mitochondrial genes, have been associated with longevity in dairy cows. Polymorphisms in many other genes that affect lipid metabolism also show some associations with fertility traits. These include DGAT1, SCD1, DECR1, CRH, CBFA2T1, GH, LEP and NPY. Excess lipid accumulation in oocytes and the regenerating endometrium reduces fertility via reductions in embryo survival and increased inflammatory changes, respectively.

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A meta-analysis of the effects of Vitamin E supplementation on the incidence of retained foetal membranes in dairy cows

Cited by 42 publications

References 25 publications

Reevaluation of vitamin E supplementation of dairy cows: bioavailability, animal health and milk quality

Reevaluation of vitamin E supplementation of dairy cows: bioavailability, animal health and milk quality

Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in dairy cows during prepartal and postpartal periods

Associations between lipid metabolism and fertility in the dairy cow

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