A method for the rapid measurement of thermal tolerance traits in studies of small insects

Hazell, Steaphan P.; Pedersen, Bolette P.; Worland, M. R.; Blackburn, Tim M.; Bale, J. S.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3032.2008.00637.x

Cited by 71 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Klok and Chown, 1997) may be the only way to assess this because many species do not move spontaneously in the absence of stimulation. Contrary to previous views (Hazell et al, 2008), these tests do not require removal of the animal from the testing conditions and nor is this typically done. Alternatively, the most effective way to assess the temperature threshold for spontaneous movement in continuously moving species is clearly through automated methods.…”

Section: Staticmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…For low temperature, =chill coma temperature (sensu Mellanby, 1939 (Hazell and Bale, 2011), and for possible mechanisms underlying chill coma see MacMillan and Sinclair (MacMillan and Sinclair, 2011)]. Although a variety of solutions have been proposed to measure these different endpoints (see Huey et al, 1992;Hazell et al, 2008), typically they all have problems that need to be considered. For example, measurement of chill coma requires that movement really is no longer possible.…”

Section: Staticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Huey et al, 1992;Hazell et al, 2008), evidence that different measures may well be assessing different traits Loeschcke and Hoffmann, 2007;Sgrò et al, 2010), and repeated calls for consideration of realized field conditions in physiological ecology (e.g. Bale, 1987;Sinclair, 2001;Helmuth et al, 2010), we provide a critical review of thermal tolerance measures in an ecological context.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecologically relevant measures of tolerance to potentially lethal temperatures

Terblanche

Hoffmann

Mitchell

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

389

370

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SummaryThe acute thermal tolerance of ectotherms has been measured in a variety of ways; these include assays where organisms are shifted abruptly to stressful temperatures and assays where organisms experience temperatures that are ramped more slowly to stressful levels. Ramping assays are thought to be more relevant to natural conditions where sudden abrupt shifts are unlikely to occur often, but it has been argued that thermal limits established under ramping conditions are underestimates of true thermal limits because stresses due to starvation and/or desiccation can arise under ramping. These confounding effects might also impact the variance and heritability of thermal tolerance. We argue here that ramping assays are useful in capturing aspects of ecological relevance even though there is potential for confounding effects of other stresses that can also influence thermal limits in nature. Moreover, we show that the levels of desiccation and starvation experienced by ectotherms in ramping assays will often be minor unless the assays involve small animals and last for many hours. Empirical data illustrate that the combined effects of food and humidity on thermal limits under ramping and sudden shifts to stressful conditions are unpredictable; in Drosophila melanogaster the presence of food decreased rather than increased thermal limits, whereas in Ceratitis capitata they had little impact. The literature provides examples where thermal limits are increased under ramping presumably because of the potential for physiological changes leading to acclimation. It is unclear whether heritabilities and population differentiation will necessarily be lower under ramping because of confounding effects. Although it is important to clearly define experimental methods, particularly when undertaking comparative assessments, and to understand potential confounding effects, thermotolerance assays based on ramping remain an important tool for understanding and predicting species responses to environmental change. An important area for further development is to identify the impact of rates of temperature change under field and laboratory conditions.

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Section: Staticmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Staticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecologically relevant measures of tolerance to potentially lethal temperatures

Terblanche

Hoffmann

Mitchell

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

389

370

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Renault et al (1999) used a microbalance to detect activity during declining temperature to identify the CT min in a beetle. Similarly, Hazell et al (2008) …”

Section: Chill Coma Onset (Ct Min )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be possible to use video analysis to automate CCRT (e.g. by modifying the method described by Hazell et al, 2008 for CT min ).…”

Section: Chill Coma Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

An invitation to measure insect cold tolerance: Methods, approaches, and workflow

Sinclair

Alvarado

Ferguson

2015

Journal of Thermal Biology

313

326

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Insect performance is limited by the temperature of the environment, and in temperate, polar, and alpine regions, the majority of insects must face the challenge of exposure to low temperatures. The physiological response to cold exposure shapes the ability of insects to survive and thrive in these environments, and can be measured, without great technical difficulty, for both basic and applied research. For example, understanding insect cold tolerance allows us to predict the establishment and spread of insect pests and biological control agents. Additionally, the discipline provides the tools for drawing physiological comparisons among groups in wider studies that may not be focused primarily on the ability of insects to survive the cold. Thus, the study of insect cold tolerance is of a broad interest, and several reviews have addressed the theories and advances in the field. Here, however, we aim to clarify and provide rationale for common practices used to study cold tolerance, as a starter's guide for newcomers to the field, students, and those wishing to incorporate cold tolerance into a broader study. We cover the 'tried and true' measures of insect cold tolerance, the equipment necessary for these measurement, and summarize the ecological and biological significance of each. Additionally, we provide a suggested framework and workflow for measuring cold tolerance and low temperature performance in insects.

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Climate and Atmospheric Change Impacts on Aphids as Vectors of Plant Diseases

Ryalls

Harrington

2016

Global Climate Change and Terrestrial Invertebrates

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A method for the rapid measurement of thermal tolerance traits in studies of small insects

Cited by 71 publications

References 26 publications

Ecologically relevant measures of tolerance to potentially lethal temperatures

Ecologically relevant measures of tolerance to potentially lethal temperatures

An invitation to measure insect cold tolerance: Methods, approaches, and workflow

Climate and Atmospheric Change Impacts on Aphids as Vectors of Plant Diseases

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