The large-scale seismic data acquisition system (LSDAS) is a kind of field data acquisition system in super scale. It covers hundreds of square kilometers, so data transmission speed and reliability are the most important criteria. Based on 8b10b modulation code, this paper discusses a co-design method of frame synchronization and error correction code (ECC) at a known bit error rate. The co-design of frame synchronization and ECC can optimize the resources of data transmission system. Generally, decoding of ECC is more complex than frame synchronization, so we should make the error synchronization rate lower than frame error rate after correction as much as possible when designing a system. By this way, the requirement to the performance of ECC becomes lower. Simulation experiments show that data transmission system can be designed more efficiently by using this model.