A methodology to assess the risk of an existing pesticide and potential future pesticides for regulatory decision-making

Tesfamichael, Aklilu A.; Kaluarachchi, Jagath J.

doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2005.12.004

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Many cities and towns use reservoirs as their primary or emergency (e.g., Oxford, Ohio and Acton Lake) drinking supply source, and the ubiquity of atrazine in Midwestern waterways has raised many human health concerns (Tesfamichael et al. , 2005; Tesfamichael and Kaluarachchi, 2006). Strong concerns have also arisen regarding effects of atrazine and other herbicides on aquatic ecosystems (e.g., Graymore et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure Times to the Spring Atrazine Flush Along a Stream‐Reservoir System¹

Stoeckel

Morris

Ames

et al. 2012

J American Water Resour Assoc

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We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to examine reservoir-mediated shifts in spring to fall exposure of aquatic organisms to the spring atrazine pulse over four years in a Midwestern stream-reservoir system. Peak atrazine concentrations in the major inflowing stream exceeded 10 lg ⁄ l in all four years. The reservoir had a beneficial effect in two of four years by diluting atrazine below the 10 lg ⁄ l threshold. However, during the other two years, exposure times above 10 lg ⁄ l were approximately doubled in the reservoir compared to the major inflowing stream. Thresholds of 3 and 5 lg ⁄ l were exceeded during all four years in the reservoir. The uplake and downlake reservoir sites were four to five times more likely to exceed these thresholds and aquatic organisms were subjected to longer exposure times above these thresholds compared to the inflowing stream. Release of elevated atrazine concentrations from the reservoir extended exposure times in the outflowing stream. This effect was most pronounced just below the dam. Aquatic organisms upstream of the reservoir were most likely to experience acute exposures whereas organisms within and immediately downstream of the reservoir were more likely to experience chronic exposures. The ubiquity of reservoirs and the annual spring herbicide flush highlight the importance of considering the presence and relative location of reservoirs when assessing risk to aquatic communities as well as locations of drinking water intakes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure Times to the Spring Atrazine Flush Along a Stream‐Reservoir System¹

Stoeckel

Morris

Ames

et al. 2012

J American Water Resour Assoc

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“…We followed the work of Tesfamichael and Kaluarachchi (30), which stated that 63% of the corn treated with atrazine in the United States in 2002 could be replaced with 2,4-D (12%), bromoxynil (11%), dicamba (27%), and nicosulfuron (13%). Given that another 10% of atrazine is replaced by an unknown mix of pesticides, we left this 10% out of the comparison.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation Products in the Life Cycle Impact Assessment of Chemicals

Zelm

Huijbregts

Meent

2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The current life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) of chemicals focuses only on the fate and effects of the parent compound, neglecting the potential impact of transformation products. Here, we assess the importance of including the potential impact of transformation products in the calculation of characterization factors (CF). The developed method is applied to freshwater ecotoxicity for 15 pesticides and perchloroethylene, which are all known to have potentially persistent transformation products. The inclusion of transformation products resulted in a median increase in CF that varied from negligible to more than 5 orders of magnitude. This increase, however, can be highly uncertain, particularly due to a lack of toxicity data for transformation products and a lack of mode of action-specific data. We show in a case study that replacement of atrazine with other pesticides for application on corn results in a median impact score of 2 orders of magnitude lower when the fate and effects of only the parent compounds are included. When transformation products are included, the reduction in median impact score would likely be lower (less than 1 order of magnitude). An uncertainty analysis showed that the difference in impact scores of atrazine and the atrazine replacements was not statistically significant when only the parent chemical was considered. When transformation products were included, the uncertainty in impact scores was even greater.

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“…Concerns over the potential health and environmental hazards of chemicals have resulted in an ongoing investigation of many pesticides, including insecticides (Tesfamichael and Kaluarachchi 2006). Rainy provinces of Iran, (including Guilan, Mazandaran and Golestan), are more intensive users of pesticides than other districts especially in the use of insecticides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the release-weighted risk of insecticides under rainy conditions: A case study in Iran

Deihimfard

Eskandar

Soufizadeh

et al. 2009

Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science

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A modified chemical ranking and scoring method entitled the CHEMS (Chemical Hazard Evaluation for Management Strategies) model was used to yield a relative weighted risk for insecticides used in the northern areas of Iran. The CHEMS model uses six toxicity and three exposure potential parameters to measure the overall hazard of a substance. The results suggest that Diazinon (granule [GR] 10%) was ranked as a high spot for release-weighted risk in this study although its relatively low risk score (RS) compared to other insecticides, which is due to its high volume consumption. The highest-priority insecticides for future action (the ones that present the highest weighted risk score [WRS]) would include Fipronil, Thiodicarb and Azinphos-methyl. Cartap identified as a hazardous insecticide regarding aquatic organisms and might threaten the natural aquatic ecosystems in these areas if continually used. Thiodicarb had the highest effect on human health. This study showed that a chemical with low RS but high environmental loading and usage and medium persistence (i.e. Cartap) can pose a low WRS. Results of the CHEMS model in this study could help guide a prospective monitoring study, thereby assisting risk managers with managing more efficiently, resources dedicated to mitigating risks posed by insecticides in the northern parts of Iran.

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A methodology to assess the risk of an existing pesticide and potential future pesticides for regulatory decision-making

Cited by 24 publications

References 21 publications

Exposure Times to the Spring Atrazine Flush Along a Stream‐Reservoir System¹

Exposure Times to the Spring Atrazine Flush Along a Stream‐Reservoir System¹

Transformation Products in the Life Cycle Impact Assessment of Chemicals

Evaluating the release-weighted risk of insecticides under rainy conditions: A case study in Iran

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A methodology to assess the risk of an existing pesticide and potential future pesticides for regulatory decision-making

Cited by 24 publications

References 21 publications

Exposure Times to the Spring Atrazine Flush Along a Stream‐Reservoir System1

Exposure Times to the Spring Atrazine Flush Along a Stream‐Reservoir System1

Transformation Products in the Life Cycle Impact Assessment of Chemicals

Evaluating the release-weighted risk of insecticides under rainy conditions: A case study in Iran

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Exposure Times to the Spring Atrazine Flush Along a Stream‐Reservoir System¹

Exposure Times to the Spring Atrazine Flush Along a Stream‐Reservoir System¹