A microarray analysis of gnotobiotic mice indicating that microbial exposure during the neonatal period plays an essential role in immune system development

Yamamoto, Masahiro; Yamaguchi, Rui; Munakata, Kaori; Takashima, Kiyoe; Nishiyama, Mitsue; Hioki, Kyoji; Ohnishi, Yasuyuki; Nagasaki, Masao; Imoto, Seiya; Miyano, Satoru; Ishige, Atsushi; Watanabe, Kenji

doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13-335

Cited by 44 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Accordingly, mucosal T cell homeostasis is regulated by the epithelial cell-derived cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) by dendritic cell activation and signaling, 26 and this cytokine was also significantly less expressed in the GF mice compared with the SPF mice; however a strong but nonsignificant trend (p = 0.09) existed also for the ex-GF groups. In resemblance to the study by Yamamoto et al, 25 the TLR gene expression was only high subsequent to microbial exposure during the neonatal period. Supportive of this, a low expression of TLRs was similarly seen also after early life antibiotic treatment.…”

Section: Microbial Variation and Host Phenotypesupporting

confidence: 69%

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Customizing laboratory mice by modifying gut microbiota and host immunity in an early “window of opportunity”

2013

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Section: Microbial Variation and Host Phenotypesupporting

confidence: 69%

“…25 Furthermore, the list of overrepresented signal pathways was different between late colonized ex-GF breast milk and antibiotic therapy. A deviant gut microbiota with less bifidobacteria and more clostridia has for example been reported in both children born by cesarean section (CS) and those with allergies.…”

Section: Window Of Opportunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Customizing laboratory mice by modifying gut microbiota and host immunity in an early “window of opportunity”

2013

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“…S7). These data may reflect changes in a TIR-microbiotaenteric virus axis through postnatal development (27)(28)(29)(30).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Analysis of gene–environment interactions in postnatal development of the mammalian intestine

Rakoff-Nahoum

Kong

Kleinstein

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Unlike mammalian embryogenesis, which takes place in the relatively predictable and stable environment of the uterus, postnatal development can be affected by a multitude of highly variable environmental factors, including diet, exposure to noxious substances, and microorganisms. Microbial colonization of the intestine is thought to play a particularly important role in postnatal development of the gastrointestinal, metabolic, and immune systems. Major changes in environmental exposure occur right after birth, upon weaning, and during pubertal maturation into adulthood. These transitions include dramatic changes in intestinal contents and require appropriate adaptations to meet changes in functional demands. Here, we attempt to both characterize and provide mechanistic insights into postnatal intestinal ontogeny. We investigated changes in global intestinal gene expression through postnatal developmental transitions. We report profound alterations in small and large intestinal transcriptional programs that accompany both weaning and puberty in WT mice. Using myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) double knockout littermates, we define the role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin (IL)-1 receptor family member signaling in postnatal gene expression programs and select ontogeny-specific phenotypes, such as vascular and smooth muscle development and neonatal epithelial and mast cell homeostasis. Metaanalysis of the effect of the microbiota on intestinal gene expression allowed for mechanistic classification of developmentally regulated genes by TLR/IL-1R (TIR) signaling and/or indigenous microbes. We find that practically every aspect of intestinal physiology is affected by postnatal transitions. Developmental timing, microbial colonization, and TIR signaling seem to play distinct and specific roles in regulation of gene-expression programs throughout postnatal development.

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“…It is important to realize that although GF mice do not harbor live bacteria or archaea, they are not naive to microbial-associated molecular patterns, as they encounter them in their sterilized (by autoclave or irradiation) food, water, and bedding. Microarray-based comparisons of host tissues from GF mice and their conventional counterparts have been a successful approach to understand the broad impact of the microbiome on physiology (Cash et al 2006;Larsson et al 2011;Yamamoto et al 2012). Microarrays of GF and conventionalized mice even have shown that the gut microbiota modulate host gene expression post-transcriptionally by altering expression of host microRNAs within the small and large intestine (Dalmasso et al 2011).…”

Section: Engineered Microbiomes In Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring host–microbiota interactions in animal models and humans

2013

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The animal and bacterial kingdoms have coevolved and coadapted in response to environmental selective pressures over hundreds of millions of years. The meta'omics revolution in both sequencing and its analytic pipelines is fostering an explosion of interest in how the gut microbiome impacts physiology and propensity to disease. Gut microbiome studies are inherently interdisciplinary, drawing on approaches and technical skill sets from the biomedical sciences, ecology, and computational biology. Central to unraveling the complex biology of environment, genetics, and microbiome interaction in human health and disease is a deeper understanding of the symbiosis between animals and bacteria. Experimental model systems, including mice, fish, insects, and the Hawaiian bobtail squid, continue to provide critical insight into how host-microbiota homeostasis is constructed and maintained. Here we consider how model systems are influencing current understanding of host-microbiota interactions and explore recent human microbiome studies.The distinctive body plans of animals offer many niches for members of the archaeal and bacterial kingdoms. While the lumen of the human distal gut is one of the most densely populated ecosystems on our planet, humans and other animals harbor several microbiomes on and within their body surfaces such as the respiratory and urogenital tracts and the skin. As the gut has evolved from the relatively simple tube of the ancient cyclostomatida to the more highly compartmentalized gastrointestinal tracts of mammalian species, the diversity and complexity of the microbial inhabitants of those spaces has increased as well (Fig.

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A microarray analysis of gnotobiotic mice indicating that microbial exposure during the neonatal period plays an essential role in immune system development

Cited by 44 publications

References 47 publications

Customizing laboratory mice by modifying gut microbiota and host immunity in an early “window of opportunity”

Customizing laboratory mice by modifying gut microbiota and host immunity in an early “window of opportunity”

Analysis of gene–environment interactions in postnatal development of the mammalian intestine

Exploring host–microbiota interactions in animal models and humans

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