A microsurgical procedure for middle cerebral artery occlusion by intraluminal monofilament insertion technique in the rat: a special emphasis on the methodology

Abstract

IntroductionAlthough there are many experimental studies describing the methodology of the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in the literature, only limited data on these distinct anatomical structures and the details of the surgical procedure in a step by step manner. The aim of the present study simply is to examine the surgical anatomy of MCAO model and its modifications in the rat.Materials and methodsForty Sprague-Dawley rats were used; 20 during the training phase and 20 for the main study. The monofilament sutures were prepared as described in the literature. All surgical steps of the study were performed under the operating microscope, including insertion of monofilament into middle cerebral artery through the internal carotid artery.ResultsAfter an extensive training period, we lost two rats in four weeks. The effects of MCAO were confirmed by the evidence of severe motor deficit during the recovery period, and histopathological findings of infarction were proved in all 18 surviving rats.ConclusionIn this study, a microsurgical guideline of the MCAO model in the rat is provided with the detailed description of all steps of the intraluminal monofilament insertion method with related figures.

Novel microcatheter-based intracarotid delivery approach for MCAO/R mice

“…Since ischemic stroke in patients is mostly (∼80%) caused by the occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), intraluminal suture MCA occlusion (MCAO) has become the most commonly used model in the investigation of stroke in rodents [5,10]. This model was first introduced by Koizumi et al, and further modified by Longa et al [7,11]. And during the operation, we choose a silicon rubber-coated monofilament (Cat No.…”

Inflammatory cell populations in early neuroinflammation in the core and peri-ischemic lesions of rat brain after transient focal cerebral ischemia: A morphometric study

“…To mimic all aspects of transient ischemia/reperfusion, we used a microsurgical procedure recommended by Güzel (Güzel et al, 2014), with minor modifications as described (Oradan et al, 2017), followed by a complex algorithm that includes neurological assessment, evaluation by MRI measurement of ischemic-tissue volume, and a histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. Our success rate of inducing an infarction by a 90-minute middle cerebral artery occlusion was 90 % (only one animal had no ischemic lesions according to the MRI examination), in accordance with another report (Bacigaluppi, tomi & Hermann, 2010).…”

Improved Rat Stroke Model by Intraluminal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion: A Special Emphasis on Surgical Technique

“…Due to this anatomical disposition, when inserting the occluder, it tends to enter the PPA rather than continuing through the ICA. Some authors recommend ligation of the PPA, or applying a temporary clip in order to occlude the PPA [5], and force the occluder in the ICA, however we did not consider this necessary. After the dissection of the ICA was completed, one makes sure that the entire carotid complex is freely dissected from all the surrounding tissue in order to move on to the next step, the insertion of the monofilament occluder.…”

“…The first model for ischemic stroke was developed in rats by Koizumi et al in 1986 by intraluminal MCAO [4]. Several optimised models for MCAO in rats were described [5], [6]; in order to minimize intra-and perioperative complications. Thus, we validated this experimental model in our laboratory by establishing the concordance between morphological modifications and ischemic tissue volume measured by MRI.…”