A MIMO Transparent Antenna for FR1-5G Communications

Abstract

In this article, the design and experimental characterization of a transparent MIMO fractal antenna compatible with 5G communications are presented. An Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) film with a thickness of 150 nm deposited over a glass substrate was used to fabricate the proposed antenna. This antenna is conformed by a pair of CPW-fed octagonal patch. Both patches were modified using a fractal structure, based on a Minkowsky geometry. The antenna was designed to operate in the frequency range from 3 to 5 GHz, which covers the C-band 5G-NR standard frequency assigment. As a result of the experimental characterization, S 1 1 and S 2 2 parameters are below − 10 dB, meanwhile the transmission coefficients S 2 1 and S 1 2 are under − 20 dB in the desired band. The Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) is between 0.02 and 0.45, and a Diversity Gain (DG) over 9.05 in the frequency range from 3 to 6 GHz. These experimental results agree with the MIMO system in the required band.

Dual-Band CPW Graphene Antenna for Smart Cities and IoT Applications

“…These frequency shifts and differences between simulation and measurement are due to the variations in the dielectric properties of the glass substrate, and in a lower proportion to fabrication flaws. However, the bandwidth increase in the second band relates to the conductivity of the graphene in antennas with radiation elements with low conductivity such as ITO [ 16 , 17 ], present, and UWB behavior. The simulation and measurement are in concordance with the behavior of S11.…”

“…On the other hand, copper is usually the most employed in the conductor materials that conform to the antennas; however, recent research reports on using indium oxide (ITO) and graphene as a conductor in antenna design. Concerning ITO antennas, these present wideband behavior but low gain due to the low conductivity of the ITO, as reported in [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. On the other hand, graphene presents properties such as high conductivity, flexibility, and excellent mechanical resistance [ 18 , 19 ]; this is ideal for it to be employed as a conductor in antennas.…”

A Close Proximity 2-Element MIMO Antenna Using Optically Transparent Wired-Metal Mesh and Polyethylene Terephthalate Material

“…Reference [31] describes a transparent multiport monopole coplanar waveguide (CPW) antenna with experimental design evaluation, that is built on Minkowski fractal geometry, and is suitable for frequency band 5G-NR C. This compact MIMO transparent antenna, is manufactured from commonly available transparent materials, ITO films and the substrate is made of glass. The radiation patterns along with the reflection coefficients are used to evaluate the Envelope Correlation Coefficient and diversity gain performance of the proposed MIMO antenna.…”

A Novel Two Ports MIMO Antenna Having Dual Stopped-band Functionality and Enhanced Isolation

“…Four L-shaped slots are etched to achieve band-notched properties. A CPW-fed octagonal-shaped transparent antenna is presented [18]. The transparent antenna is introduced to operate in the desired 3-5 GHz frequency.…”