A Model for Deuterium and Oxygen 18 Isotope Changes During Evergreen Interception of Snowfall

Claassen, Hans C.; Downey, Joe S.

doi:10.1029/94wr01995

Cited by 37 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In the evergreen forests of Showsnow Mountain in Colorado (USA), snow accounts for more than 50% of annual precipitation, and interception of snow accounts for about half of the total snowfall. Claassen and Downey (1995) showed a high degree of enrichment in heavier isotopes of hydrogen (13‰) and oxygen (2.1‰) in the winter TF samples of intercepted snow, relative to the isotopic composition of fresh snow. The degree of enrichment depends on: (a) the residence time of intercepted snow (Claassen & Downey, 1995), (b) the size of the snowfall (Claassen & Downey, 1995), and (c) the density of forest canopy (Koeniger et al, 2008).…”

Section: Interception and Throughfallmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Claassen and Downey (1995) showed a high degree of enrichment in heavier isotopes of hydrogen (13‰) and oxygen (2.1‰) in the winter TF samples of intercepted snow, relative to the isotopic composition of fresh snow. The degree of enrichment depends on: (a) the residence time of intercepted snow (Claassen & Downey, 1995), (b) the size of the snowfall (Claassen & Downey, 1995), and (c) the density of forest canopy (Koeniger et al, 2008). (a) Longer residence time leads to more enriched TF and STF, as sublimation enriches the intercepted snow in heavier isotopes (Claassen & Downey, 1995).…”

Section: Interception and Throughfallmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding snow hydrological processes through the lens of stable water isotopes

Beria¹,

Larsen²,

Ceperley³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Snowfall may have different stable isotopic compositions compared with rainfall, allowing its contribution to potentially be tracked through the hydrological cycle. This review summarizes the state of knowledge of how different hydrometeorological processes affect the isotopic composition of snow in its different forms (snowfall, snowpack, and snowmelt), and, through selected examples, discusses how stable water isotopes can provide a better understanding of snow hydrological processes. A detailed account is given of how the variability in isotopic composition of snow changes from precipitation to final melting. The effect of different snow ablation processes (sublimation, melting, and redistribution by wind or avalanches) on the isotope ratios of the underlying snowpack are also examined. Insights into the role of canopy in snow interception processes, and how the isotopic composition in canopy underlying snowpacks can elucidate the exchanges therein are discussed, as well as case studies demonstrating the usefulness of stable water isotopes to estimate seasonality in the groundwater recharge. Rain-on-snow floods illustrate how isotopes can be useful to estimate the role of preferential flow during heavy spring rains. All these examples point to the complexity of snow hydrologic processes and demonstrate that an isotopic approach is useful to quantify snow contributions throughout the water cycle, especially in high-elevation and highlatitude catchments, where such processes are most pronounced. This synthesis concludes by tracing a snow particle along its entire hydrologic life cycle, highlights the major practical challenges remaining in snow hydrology and discusses future research directions.

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Section: Interception and Throughfallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interception and Throughfallmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding snow hydrological processes through the lens of stable water isotopes

Beria¹,

Larsen²,

Ceperley³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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show abstract

“…The novel snow module encompasses original algorithms to account for (1) sublimation fractionation of snow isotopes of canopy intercepted snow and ground snowpack and (2) time-variant depletion of the snowmelt. Both processes are well documented in laboratory, field, and modelling studies (Cooper et al, 1993;Claassen and Downey, 1995;Taylor et al, 2001;Laudon et al, 2002, see e.g. Carey and Quinton, 2004;Koeniger et al, 2008;Schmieder et al, 2016), but have not before been incorporated to tracer-aided modelling in a spatially explicit manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Internal mixing processes do not considerably influence the bulk isotopic composition of the snowpack, but fractionation due to snow sublimation has the potential to isotopically enrich the snowpack in relation to snowfall (Moser and Stichler, 1974;Earman et al, 2006). Furthermore, canopy snow interception can provide an additional transient storage subjected to sublimation, and thereby fractionation processes, further amplifying the snow isotopic enrichment (Claassen and Downey, 1995;Koeniger et al, 2008). Finally, several field, laboratory, and modelling studies (Shanley et al, 1995;Taylor et al, 2001;Feng et al, 2002) demonstrate how the onset of snowmelt tends to be depleted in heavy isotopes in comparison to average snowpack, and the snowpack isotopically enriches over the course of snowmelt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using isotopes to constrain water flux and age estimates in snow-influenced catchments using the STARR (Spatially distributed Tracer-Aided Rainfall–Runoff) model

Ala‐aho

Tetzlaff

McNamara

et al. 2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Tracer-aided hydrological models are increasingly used to reveal fundamentals of runoff generation processes and water travel times in catchments. Modelling studies integrating stable water isotopes as tracers are mostly based in temperate and warm climates, leaving catchments with strong snow influences underrepresented in the literature. Such catchments are challenging, as the isotopic tracer signals in water entering the catchments as snowmelt are typically distorted from incoming precipitation due to fractionation processes in seasonal snowpack.We used the Spatially distributed Tracer-Aided RainfallRunoff (STARR) model to simulate fluxes, storage, and mixing of water and tracers, as well as estimating water ages in three long-term experimental catchments with varying degrees of snow influence and contrasting landscape characteristics. In the context of northern catchments the sites have exceptionally long and rich data sets of hydrometric data and -most importantly -stable water isotopes for both rain and snow conditions. To adapt the STARR model for sites with strong snow influence, we used a novel parsimonious calculation scheme that takes into account the isotopic fractionation through snow sublimation and snowmelt.The modified STARR setup simulated the streamflows, isotope ratios, and snow pack dynamics quite well in all three catchments. From this, our simulations indicated contrasting median water ages and water age distributions between catchments brought about mainly by differences in topography and soil characteristics. However, the variable degree of snow influence in catchments also had a major influence on the stream hydrograph, storage dynamics, and water age distributions, which was captured by the model. Our study suggested that snow sublimation fractionation processes can be important to include in tracer-aided modelling for catchments with seasonal snowpack, while the influence of fractionation during snowmelt could not be unequivocally shown. Our work showed the utility of isotopes to provide a proof of concept for our modelling framework in snowinfluenced catchments.

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“…Estes processos incluem: (i) evaporação da chuva durante a infiltração; (ii) recarga seletiva (i.e. somente a partir de grandes tempestades ou durante o degelo); (iii) interceptação da água da chuva (DeWalle & Swistock 1994) e neve (Claassen & Downey 1995) pela cobertura vegetal; (iv) troca de água de infiltração com vapor atmosférico (Kennedy et al 1986) e; (v) diversos processos pós-deposicionais (e.g. fusão diferencial de neve acumulada).…”

Section: Origem E Mecanismos De Recarga Das áGuas Subterrâneasunclassified

Métodos de avaliação de isótopos estáveis (δ2h E δ18o) na hidrologia: uma revisão

Barbosa

Salles

2018

Terrae Didat.

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Atualmente, através do ciclo hidrológico pode-se observar que toda a água da Terra é de alguma forma afetada por atividades antrópicas. Com a perspectiva de crescente escassez, as decisões de onde extrair, utilizar e administrar a água deve ser baseada em informações confiáveis, de forma a proteger este recurso para as gerações futuras. Nesse contexto, a utilização dos isótopos estáveis na hidrologia possibilita interpretações da origem e mecanismos de recarga das águas subterrâneas, separação de hidrogramas, drenança vertical entre aquíferos, riscos de salinização e contaminação dos recursos hídricos, dentre outros. A razão pelo qual os isótopos estáveis são úteis nos estudos hidrológicos se deve às reações físico-químicas entre as espécies químicas, que promovem um fracionamento dos isótopos do mesmo elemento entre reagentes e produtos. Os dados isotópicos de δ 18O e δ 2H refletem os valores das precipitações médias locais. Esses geralmente são modificados por processos de difusão que podem alterar os valores isotópicos antes que a água alcançe a zona saturada. Sua importância em relação aos estudos hidrológicos tradicionais é que os isótopos estáveis fazem parte da própria molécula de água, tornando as interpretações mais precisas e independentes do grau de variabilidade e frequência de amostragem. Sob essa perspectiva, nos dias atuais, a integração do maior número possível de marcadores químicos e isotópicos constitui uma importante fronteira de pesquisa hidrológica e na gestão integrada dos recursos hídricos.

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A Model for Deuterium and Oxygen 18 Isotope Changes During Evergreen Interception of Snowfall

Cited by 37 publications

References 25 publications

Understanding snow hydrological processes through the lens of stable water isotopes

Understanding snow hydrological processes through the lens of stable water isotopes

Using isotopes to constrain water flux and age estimates in snow-influenced catchments using the STARR (Spatially distributed Tracer-Aided Rainfall–Runoff) model

Métodos de avaliação de isótopos estáveis (δ2h E δ18o) na hidrologia: uma revisão

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