A multi-stage stochastic programming model for sustainable closed-loop supply chain network design with financial decisions: A case study of plastic production and recycling supply chain

Abstract

This paper proposes a multi-objective, multi-stage programming model to design a sustainable closed-loop supply chain network considering nancial decisions. A multi-product, sustainable closed-loop plastic Supply Chain Network Design (SCND) problem, which encompasses economic, environmental, and social objectives, is modeled in a mathematical manner. The decisions to be made were concerned with the location of facilities, ow of products, loans to take, and investments to make. Uncertainty issue was about the demand of customers and the rate of return on investment. The decision making model was formulated as a multi-objective, multi-stage mixed-integer linear programming problem and solved by implementing path formulation and augmented "constraint methods. Computational analysis was carried out based on the subject company to determine the signi cance of the proposed model and the e ciency of integrating nancial decisions with SCND decisions.

Sustainable closed-loop supply chain network under uncertainty: a response to the COVID-19 pandemic

“…Since there are many parameters in the optimization model, those parameters must be set extensively and tuned to improve the model performance (Devika et al 2014 ; Kaplan 2020 ; Fallahpour et al 2021b ) and the Taguchi method (Taguchi 1986 ) is employed in this study to tune the algorithms. As previously discussed, a number of evaluation metrics are required to effectively assess the metaheuristics for a multi-objective model; this study thus adopts four widely accepted evaluation metrics, including a number of Pareto solutions (NPS) (Fathollahi-Fard et al 2020b ; Mirjalili and Lewis 2016 ), mean ideal distance (MID) (Gonela et al 2019 ; Fathollahi-Fard et al 2020a ; Mohammadi et al 2020 ), spread of non-dominance solution (SNS) (Seuring and Müller 2008 ; Sahebjamnia et al 2018 ), and maximum spread (MS) (Safaeian et al 2019 ). These metrics are well-established and employed in many studies, such as Gonela et al ( 2019 ), Fathollahi-Fard et al ( 2020a ), Fathollahi-Fard et al ( 2020b ), Mohammadi et al ( 2020 ), and Safaeian et al ( 2019 ).…”

“…To fulfill the demand from each customer zone more swiftly, three forms of transportation methods (i.e., truck, train, and air) between each facility, especially air transport, are considered. It should be noted, the simulated data are generated regarding the recent benchmarks (Gonela et al 2019 ; Fathollahi-Fard et al 2020a ; Mohammadi et al 2020 ).…”

“…In addition, 8 major areas of COVID-19 outbreaks have been identified by its team of experts. To fulfill the demand from each customer zone more swiftly, three forms of (Gonela et al 2019;Fathollahi-Fard et al 2020a;Mohammadi et al 2020).…”

Uncertain model of industrial clusters for the optimal arrangement of co-operation networks under sustainable and dynamic conditions

“…Anyway, the researchers have developed many uncertainty multi-objective models for supply chain sustainable problems. The uncertainty includes fuzziness and randomness [30,31]. {Please insert Figure 1 about here.…”

“…Four main objectives cover development sustainability concepts. To meet and cover to sustainable development approach, four goals of economic, financial, social, and environment identified [31,42]. These goals are described more as follows;…”