“…In general terms, the port hinterland comprises the geographical sphere of influence where the port draws the majority of its business (Notteboom, ). However, it must be borne in mind that the concept of hinterland is dynamic, with Wilmsmeier, Monios, and Lambert () defining it as “the area that can be reached at a cheaper cost or shorter time than from another port.” Travel time is thus a better proxy than distance to depict the hinterland scope since it efficiently reflects the various frictions of distance resulting from technology and infrastructure improvements (He, Gao, Sun, & Lau, ; Kerkman, Martens, & Meurs, ). Models of spatial interaction (e.g., the gravity model, Huff model, and field model) based on travel time and masses (attractiveness) can simultaneously analyze the influence of both spatial and transport network characteristics.…”