A Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode material for use in hybrid lithium ion batteries

Abstract

A NASICON-structure Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode material prepared by carbothermal reduction method is employed in a hybrid-ion battery with Li-involved electrolyte and anode. The ion-transportation mechanism is firstly investigated in this complicated system for an open three-dimensional framework Na3V2(PO4)3. Ion-exchange is greatly influenced by the standing time, for example, the 1 hour battery presents a specific capacity of 128 mA h g(-1) while the 24 hour battery exhibits a value of 148 mA h g(-1) with improved rate and cycling performances over existing literature reported Li-ion batteries. In the hybrid-ion system, an ion-exchange process likely takes place between the two Na(2) sites in the rhombohedral structure. NaLi2V2(PO4)3 could be produced by ion-transportation since the Na(+) in the Na(1) site is stationary and the three Na(2) sites could be used to accommodate the incoming alkali ions; Li(x)Na(y)V2(PO4)3 would come out when the vacant site in Na(2) was occupied depending on the applied voltage range. The reported methodology and power characteristics are greater than those previously reported.

Vanadium‐Based Nanomaterials: A Promising Family for Emerging Metal‐Ion Batteries

“…Due to the promising NASICON structure, NVP attracted extensive interests not only for SIBs, but also for hybrid LIBs, emerging ZIBs and AIBs . Li et al applied NVP as the cathode for aqueous ZIBs.…”

Lithium Titanate Tailored by Cathodically Induced Graphene for an Ultrafast Lithium Ion Battery

“…With increasing the scan rate, the intercalation and deintercalation peaks shift to low and high potentials, respectively. From the relationship shown in insets of Figure 8 , the apparent Li-ion chemical diffusion coeffi cient (D) in the electrode can be determined using the Randles-Ševcˇík equation (Equation ( 2) ) [ 48,49 ] i 0.4463n F R T SD C p 3/2 3/2 -1/2 1/2 1/2 Li As shown in insets of Figure 8 , the peak current ( i p ) exhibits a linear relationship with the square root of the scan rate (υ 1/2 ), which is considered as a diffusion-controlled progress rather the surface control.…”

Nanoflake‐Assembled Hierarchical Na3V2(PO4)3/C Microflowers: Superior Li Storage Performance and Insertion/Extraction Mechanism

“…[9][10][11][12][13] Compared with lithium metal oxides, phosphate cathodes display remarkable electrochemical and thermal stability, which is in favor of the cycling stability. [26][27][28] Besides, NVP shows a fl at voltage curve with a plateau at ≈3.4 V versus Na + /Na and has been investigated as one of major prospective cathode materials for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Among these materials, NVP, a typical Na + ion superionic conductor (NASICON)-related compound, exhibits high ion (Li + , Na + ) mobility due to its open framework with large ion transport tunnels.…”

“…Among these materials, NVP, a typical Na + ion superionic conductor (NASICON)-related compound, exhibits high ion (Li + , Na + ) mobility due to its open framework with large ion transport tunnels. [ 27,28 ] However, rate capability and cycling performance, considered as two important factors which need to be further improved before its widespread applications. [23][24][25] As illustrated in Scheme 1 a, the smaller ionic radius of Li + ion with respect to that of Na + ion (0.76 vs 1.06 Å) in principle allows Li + ion to diffuse faster in the NVP, which makes NVP more likely to acquire a higher rate performance in LIBs than in SIBs.…”