A National Survey of Managed Honey Bee Colony Winter Losses (Apis mellifera) in China (2013–2017)

Tang, Jiao; Ma, Cuiyan; Shi, Wei; Chen, Xiao; Liu, Zhiguang; Wang, Huihua; Chen, Chao

doi:10.3390/d12090318

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This would be consistent with the claim that China is the largest pollen producer in the world (Yang et al, 2013). China has about 9 million managed honey bee colonies (FAOSTAT, 2018) (Tang et al, 2020). 5000 metric tons is a high but plausible value of 0.6 kg of pollen per hive.…”

Section: Quantity Of Pollen Produced By Locationsupporting

confidence: 85%

Pollen supplements and substitutes in the EU feed market: a product/market survey for bees and other animal species

Haefeker¹

2021

EFSA Supporting Publications

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A survey to overview the presence of pollen supplements and substitutes for bees and other animal species in the EU was conducted to serve as input for the regulatory risk assessment of genetically modified feed by the EFSA GMO Panel. A comprehensive mapping of the possible presence of pollen collected by honey bees in the feed supply chain requires an understanding of the production in the EU as well as the flow of imports from non‐EU to EU countries. The different uses of pollen as feed supplement were compiled by both identifying products being offered as well as the scientific and grey literature describing the applicability of pollen as feed for invertebrates such as honey bees and bumble bees as well as vertebrates ranging from pond fish, pet birds and chickens, rabbits, dogs, horses, camels, sheep and cows. The use of pollen as feed for managed honey bee colonies was identified, but rarely in commercial products due to the potential risk of spreading bee diseases. Significant quantities of frozen pollen were found necessary for the rearing of bumble bee colonies, which are marketed on an industrial scale for pollination. Bumble bee production is the only niche market where large amounts of pollen are specifically used as feed. Feed products for vertebrates tend to be generated from the same stock as pollen‐based products for human consumption. This niche market is very fragmented. Any beekeeper can produce and market a pollen‐based product. Only a few large specialized producers have been identified both in and outside the EU. The ratio between food and feed use of pollen is unknown in most cases. A notable exception is feed for bumble bee colonies, which may account for half of the pollen produced and imported in the EU. Products for other animals (vertebrates) are unlikely to represent more than 5% of the market. The customs classification for pollen does not allow for a clear distinction between food and feed and no statistics are being systematically stored and maintained.

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Section: Quantity Of Pollen Produced By Locationsupporting

confidence: 85%

Pollen supplements and substitutes in the EU feed market: a product/market survey for bees and other animal species

Haefeker¹

2021

EFSA Supporting Publications

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“…Many studies reported showed the colony losses of honey bees with ranges 8-50% [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. In contrast, [33] reported that 42% of monitored countries (27 countries) showed an increasing trend in genetic diversity of the honey bee population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It showed that the business of beekeepers tends to develop by increasing the numbers of bee colonies, particularly of stingless bees. However, their operation size is still smaller than the operation size of most beekeepers in other countries [19,28,29]. Most Indonesian beekeepers were stationary beekeepers with a low risk of loss of colonies than migratory beekeepers [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The colony collapse disorder (CCD) phenomena was recorded for the first time from the survey of beekeepers in USA, and it was then extensively monitored in USA from 2006 to 2016 [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. It was also followed by researchers in China from 2013 to 2017 [29] and other countries [30][31][32]. FAO [33] also conducted a global survey of honey bees and pollinators around the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Beekeeping and Managed Bee Diversity in Indonesia: Perspective and Preference of Beekeepers

et al. 2022

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There is a high diversity of bees in the tropics, including honey bees and stingless bees, which are the main sources for honey and other ecosystem services. In Indonesia, beekeeping practices have been developed for centuries, and they have been part of many cultural practices in many traditional communities. The objective of this research was to study the beekeeping status and managed bee diversity in Indonesia and to investigate beekeepers’ perspectives on the factors and obstacles related to beekeeping. Direct interview and online interview were conducted to gain data on bees and beekeepers. In total, 272 beekeepers were interviewed across 25 provinces. Samplings of honey bees and stingless bees were also done during direct interviews for further identification and, when possible, pollen identification. All data and specimens were then sent to IPB Bogor for compilation and identification. We recorded 22 species of bees, including 3 species of honey bees and 19 species of stingless bees, that are reared by Indonesian beekeepers, with Apis cerana and Tetragonula laeviceps as the most common species. Our research also found that the majority of beekeepers fall into the category of the younger generation (30–39 years old) with educational background mostly from senior high school. Based on the beekeepers’ perspectives, there are several obstacles to beekeeping, especially the occurrence of death of bee foragers attributed to climate, food source, and pesticides. In conclusion, there is a need to develop a strategy for beekeeping and bee conservation in Indonesia, especially for adaptation and mitigation from environmental changes with a particular focus on climate and land-use change.

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“…There have been several reports of pollinator losses in the previous decade, including wild bee declines (23%), and modern bee colony losses (40% yearly winter fatality) (Metz et al, 2020). Many researchers conducted worldwide studies on honey bee colony mortality from a number of perspectives, including the global transmission of diseases and pests through the commerce in bees and bee products (Currie et al, 2010;Brodschneider et al, 2018;Castilhos et al, 2019;Tang et al, 2020). The decline in the honey bee population does not just affect pollination but also the economic entity of their keepers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-Economic Analysis of Traditional and Modern Beekeeping in Western Himalayan Region Uttarakhand, India

Nagma¹,

Miglani²,

Netrapal³

et al. 2021

IJZI

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Beekeeping is essential for the development of bio-economy practices; it provides tremendous social benefits on both economic and ecological fronts. The objectives of the present study were to explore the socioeconomic status of all traditional and modern beekeeping populations, the role of anthropogenic movement, manipulation, filthy beekeeping practices, bacterial pathogenesis, irrational use of antibiotics and the agricultural intensification of managed and native bee species in the selected study sites. The required data was collected through in-depth personal interviews and questionnaires. A total of 101 (42 traditional and 59 modern) beekeepers were interviewed from randomly selected five blocks in the Nainital district. Out of 18 selected study sites, 16 sites fall under rural areas, one is an urban town, namely Kathgodam and the remaining one is a town, namely Fatehpur Range. The present investigation reveals that 70% of total modern beekeepers are of 20-49 years old and reside in rural areas. It is encouraging that people have adopted beekeeping in rural areas for livelihood and modern purposes. During the present study, it was observed that females are least interested in beekeeping practices due to extensive touring and shifting to remote areas for qualitative nectar and pollen.

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A National Survey of Managed Honey Bee Colony Winter Losses (Apis mellifera) in China (2013–2017)

Cited by 23 publications

References 43 publications

Pollen supplements and substitutes in the EU feed market: a product/market survey for bees and other animal species

Pollen supplements and substitutes in the EU feed market: a product/market survey for bees and other animal species

Beekeeping and Managed Bee Diversity in Indonesia: Perspective and Preference of Beekeepers

Socio-Economic Analysis of Traditional and Modern Beekeeping in Western Himalayan Region Uttarakhand, India

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