A network perspective on body dysmorphic disorder and major depressive disorder

Summers, Berta J.; Aalbers, George; Jones, Payton J.; McNally, Richard J.; Phillips, Katharine A.; Wilhelm, Sabine

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.011

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…With regard to prevention and therapy of BDD, an important step will be to evaluate the specific effects of interventions targeting self-esteem. In their network analysis of BDD and major depressive disorder Summers et al revealed a high centrality of feelings of worthlessness and discussed implications for treatment such as addressing maladaptive core beliefs about self-worth [ 18 ]. Hence, future work may further try to determine the role of feelings of worthlessness in etiology, maintenance, and treatment of BDD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body dysmorphic disorder and self-esteem: a meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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Objective Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is associated with low self-esteem. The aim of this meta-analysis was to examine the strength of the cross-sectional relationship between BDD symptom severity and global self-esteem in individuals with BDD, mentally healthy controls, community or student samples, and cosmetic surgery patients. Moreover, the role of depressive symptom severity in this relationship and other moderating factors were investigated. Methods A keyword-based literature search was performed to identify studies in which BDD symptoms and global self-esteem were assessed. Random effects meta-analysis of Fisher’s z-transformed correlations and partial correlations controlling for the influence of depressive symptom severity was conducted. In addition to meta-analysis of the observed effects, we corrected the individual correlations for variance restrictions to address varying ranges of BDD symptom severity across samples. Results Twenty-five studies with a total of 6278 participants were included. A moderately negative relationship between BDD symptom severity and global self-esteem was found (r = −.42, CI = [−.48, −.35] for uncorrected correlations, r = −.45, CI = [−.51, −.39] for artifact-corrected correlations). A meta-analysis of partial correlations revealed that depressive symptom severity could partly account for the aforementioned relationship (pr = −.20, CI = [−.25, −.15] for uncorrected partial correlations, pr = −.23, CI = [−.28, −.17] for artifact-corrected partial correlations). The sample type (e.g., individuals with BDD, mentally healthy controls, or community samples) and diagnosis of BDD appeared to moderate the relationship only before artifact correction of effect sizes, whereas all moderators were non-significant in the meta-analysis of artifact-corrected correlations. Conclusions The findings demonstrate that low self-esteem is an important hallmark of BDD beyond the influence of depressive symptoms. It appears that negative evaluation in BDD is not limited to appearance but also extends to other domains of the self. Altogether, our findings emphasize the importance of addressing self-esteem and corresponding core beliefs in prevention and treatment of BDD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A frequent comorbid disorder in BDD is major depression [ 17 ]. Summers et al demonstrated the interconnectedness of BDD symptoms and depressive symptoms in a network analysis of BDD and major depressive disorder [ 18 ]. Elevated levels of depressive symptoms were found in adolescents with high appearance anxiety [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body dysmorphic disorder and self-esteem: a meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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show abstract

“…With regard to prevention and therapy of BDD, an important step will be to evaluate the specific effects of interventions targeting self-esteem. In their network analysis of BDD and major depressive disorder Summers et al revealed a high centrality of feelings of worthlessness and discussed implications for treatment such as addressing maladaptive core beliefs about selfworth [18]. Hence, future work may further try to determine the role of feelings of worthlessness in etiology, maintenance, and treatment of BDD.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A frequent comorbid disorder in BDD is major depression [17]. Summers et al demonstrated the interconnectedness of BDD symptoms and depressive symptoms in a BDD AND SELF-ESTEEM network analysis of BDD and major depressive disorder [18]. Elevated levels of depressive symptoms were found in adolescents with high appearance anxiety [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body dysmorphic disorder and self-esteem: A meta-analysis

Kuck¹,

Cafitz²,

Bürkner³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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ObjectiveThe aim of this meta-analysis was to examine the strength of the cross-sectional relationship between body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) symptom severity and global self-esteem in individuals with BDD, mentally healthy controls, community or student samples, and cosmetic surgery patients. Moreover, the role of depressive symptom severity in this relationship and other moderating factors were investigated. MethodsA keyword-based literature search was performed to identify studies in which BDD symptoms and global self-esteem were assessed. Random effects meta-analysis of Fisher’s z-transformed correlations and partial correlations controlling for the influence of depressive symptom severity was conducted. In addition to meta-analysis of the observed effects, we corrected the individual correlations for variance restrictions to address varying ranges of BDD symptom severity across samples. ResultsTwenty-five studies with a total of 6149 participants were included. A moderately negative relationship between BDD symptom severity and global self-esteem was found (r = -.42, CI = [-.48, -.35] for uncorrected correlations, r = -.45, CI = [-.51, -.39] for artifact-corrected correlations). A meta-analysis of partial correlations revealed that depressive symptom severity could partly account for the aforementioned relationship (pr = -.2, CI = [-.25, -.15] for uncorrected partial correlations, pr = -.23, CI = [-.28, -.17] for artifact-corrected partial correlations). The sample type (e.g., individuals with BDD, mentally healthy controls, or community samples) and diagnosis of BDD appeared to moderate the relationship only before artifact correction of effect sizes, whereas all moderators were non-significant in the meta-analysis of artifact-corrected correlations. ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate that low self-esteem is an important hallmark of BDD beyond the influence of depressive symptoms. It appears that negative evaluation in BDD is not limited to appearance but also extends to other domains of the self. Altogether, our findings emphasize the importance of addressing self-esteem and corresponding core beliefs in prevention and treatment of BDD.

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“…Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a mental disorder determined by a severe or slight defect in individual appearance perception (1). BDD is a debilitating disorder that is associated with severe social dysfunction (2). BDD has a relatively high prevalence in the general population by a 12-month prevalence rate of 1.8% (3).…”

Section: Extended Abstract Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Metacognitive Therapy on Depression, Suicide Ideation, and Masochistic Aggression in Individuals with Subclinical Symptoms of Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Entezari

Taher

Aghaei

2021

J Child Ment Health

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Background and Purpose:The most common comorbid disorder with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is depression. Masochistic aggression and suicide are the main concerns about individuals with BDD who suffer from depression and have impaired function. Present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and metacognitive therapy (MCT) on depression, suicide ideation, and masochistic aggression among individuals with subclinical symptoms of BDD. Method: This study was a quasi-experimental study with a control group pretest-posttest design. The sample included 51 girls with subclinical symptoms of BDD who had been selected with purposive sampling from a public secondary school in Tehran in the academic year 2018-2019. After being evaluated and giving the informed consent, the participants were randomly assigned to one of the two experimental groups of CBT and MCT or waiting list. The participants completed the Body Image Concern Inventory (Littleton, 2005), Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck et al., 1996), Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (Beck et al., 1979), and masochistic aggression subscale of Aggression Styles Inventory (Alavizadeh & et al., 2016) at the pre-test, post-test and 3 months follow-up stages. Data were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA in SPSS-26. Results: Results showed that although CBT and MCT were effective in alleviating the symptoms of depression (p<0.01), suicide ideation (p<0.01) and masochistic aggression (P<0.05), CBT was more effective in decreasing depression (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between CBT and MCT in terms of their effect on suicide ideation and masochistic aggression (P<0.05). Conclusion:According to these findings, it can be concluded that CBT and MCT are effective in alleviating the mood-related symptoms in individuals with subclinical symptoms of BDD. Furthermore, the behavioral activation session can be the reason of the higher effectiveness of CBT.

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A network perspective on body dysmorphic disorder and major depressive disorder

Cited by 18 publications

References 40 publications

Body dysmorphic disorder and self-esteem: a meta-analysis

Body dysmorphic disorder and self-esteem: a meta-analysis

Body dysmorphic disorder and self-esteem: A meta-analysis

The Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Metacognitive Therapy on Depression, Suicide Ideation, and Masochistic Aggression in Individuals with Subclinical Symptoms of Body Dysmorphic Disorder

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