A new action of peptide hormones for survival in a low-nutrient environment

Abstract

Malnutrition occurs when nutrient intake is too low for any reason and occurs regardless of gender or age. Therefore, besides loss of eating or digestive functionality due to illness, malnutrition can occur when a healthy individual undergoes an extreme diet and biases their nutrition, or when athletes exerts more energy than they can replenish through food. It has recently been reported that in Japan, the mortality rate of leaner individuals is equal to or higher than that of obese people. It is important to understand what homeostatic maintenance mechanism is behind this when the body is under hypotrophic conditions. Such mechanisms are generally endocranially controlled. We address this fundamental concern in this paper by focusing on peptide hormones. We introduce a mechanism for survival in a malnourished state via the regulation of food intake and temperature. Additionally, we will discuss the latest findings and future prospects for research on changes in the endocrine environment associated with malnutrition associated with exercise. We also review changes in next-generation endocrine environments when caused by malnutrition brought on by dieting.

Effects of Acute Heat and Cold Exposures at Rest or during Exercise on Subsequent Energy Intake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Athletes and military personnel are often required to go abroad for training, competition, or missions. During such travel, they may be exposed to harsh thermal conditions [1][2][3] that may alter their food intake with respect to a thermoneutral environment [4][5][6] and amplify the energy deficits that these populations already experience regularly even in the absence of thermal stress [7][8][9][10]. A prolonged negative energy balance may have critical effects on physical [11] and cognitive [12] performances, mood [13], and several health markers [14,15].…”

Sveikatai Palankios Mitybos Planų Taikymo Poveikis Nepakankamos Mitybos Žmonių Svoriui, Kūno Masės Indeksui Ir Kūno Kompozicijai

“…Tai lemia ne tik valgymo sutrikimai ar virškinimo funkcionalumo praradimas dėl ligų, bet ir esant disbalansui tarp suvartojamų kalorijų ir maistinių medžiagų poreikio. Siekiant išsaugoti sveikatą, reikalingos kalorijos ir maistinės medžiagos turi būti gaunamos ir pasisavinamos kasdien [10]. Suaugusių žmonių paros energijos poreikis (PEP) priklauso nuo bazinio metabolizmo poreikių, fizinio aktyvumo ar metabolinio streso.…”